Glow sticks contain two separate sections inside them. Both sections contain two different chemical solutions. When broken, the hydrogen peroxide solution mixes with diphenyl oxalate. The diphenyl oxalate is then oxidised by the hydrogen peroxide which then produces dioxetanedione. When this happen, the chemical dioxetanedione releases enough energy to excite the electrons in the fluorescent dye to a excited state. When this process happens, it is called chemiluminescence which also releases or emits photons. In chemiluminescence, when the electrons go to a higher energy orbital then coming back down to its original, the glow stick is releasing electromagnetic radiation. There is a certain wavelength that is being released which is visible
This light is known as the spectrum emission color of an element which can also be used to identify an element as well as determine the energy that is given off. In this lab we used this information to identify three unknown substances and determine if the energy given off was high or low. In order to conduct this lab we had to take a known substance for example Copper Chloride (CuCl) and use a splint to put the substance over a bunsen burner. We then recorded the frequency, color of the flame, and the spectrum emission line by using spectroscopes, which diffracts light.
Protecting the environment from toxic contaminants such as pesticide, herbicide and other Solvents are vital to the survival of the inhabitants of the respective environment. This is important because such contaminants, when released into the environment can create devastating health problems such as cancer in humans. This paper will evaluate three of the many carcinogenic chemicals that have the propensity to cause cancer and other health problems. Therefore, the paper will evaluate Agent Orange, DDT, and Benzene.
This occurs when a product is generated in the excited state and then relaxes to the ground state in which a photon is emitted. When the electron relaxes, energy is released as a vibration and heat. Electrons in the same orbital are paired and must have opposite spins. There are two types of electronic states: singlet and triplet. In a singlet state, the spins of all of the electrons are paired while in a triplet state, the spins are flipped or unpaired. Phosphorescence and fluorescence occurs when electrons relax from the singlet and triplet states and emit visible light. Fluorescence emits light at a longer wavelength than it is absorbed. This process is rather fast as the light appears to be a blue-green color. Phosphorescence is very similar to that of fluorescence. However, in phosphorescence there is longer interval between the excited and ground states since the flipped spin has to flip back. This flipping of spins requires energy which leads to a less energetic triplet state compared to that of the singlet state. The longer interval in phosphorescence also sometimes results in a red color and a longer excited state period. Chemiluminescence also has other usages such as its ability to identify when blood is present. The luminol turns blue-green when the alkaline solution is exposed to
Fireworks produce three conspicuous forms of energy: bright light, heat, and a huge release of sound. The colors that we see are created by heating metal salts, like sodium nitrate or calcium chloride, that produce certain colors. The atoms of each element absorb energy and release it as light of specific colors. This happens because when an atom absorbs energy it rearranges its electrons from the ground state, up to an excited state. The ground state is when the electrons are in their lowest-energy state. The excited
Solids and liquids glow at very high temperatures. To see these glow, you need to look at using a spectroscope. When you do look through the spectroscope, you see a band of colors that resembles a rainbow. The reason why this happens is because the atoms are packed closely together. In the early 1900’s, Niels Henrik David Bohr created an explanation why the lines of the spectrum are the way they are. Niels Bohr was a Danish born physicist who is world renowned for his works of quantum physics. Bohr proposed that electron that orbits the cloud of protons and neutrons has a set to have a certain energy. When the electron occupies the energy level of lowest energy, it is in its ground state. If an electron occupies a higher energy levels then
Bioluminescence has been utilized by a variety of organisms for thousands of years. Within this time period, bioluminescence has been through a series of evolution making it unique to the organism that utilize them. Although the specific biochemical components and pathways tend to be varied among species, most bioluminescent processes involves a substrate and an enzyme known as luciferin and luciferase. The substrate Luciferin is a compound that tends to undergo through oxidation and is the source of light of most bioluminescent organism. Luciferase on the other hand is an enzyme that catalyzes luciferin. In most species luciferin and luciferase are housed in the light producing components of the organism. These molecules are mixed together along
Luminol is a powder that contains nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and copper. The iron in haemoglobin, which is an oxygen and iron that has protein in red blood cells, makes luminol be able to react. Chemiluminescence is a discharge of light that results from a chemical reaction that doesn’t include the making
The Aurora Borealis also known as “Northern Lights”, are bright lights that appear when the sun's temperature rises. When the temperature rises and the sun begins to overheat it releases oxygen and nitrogen. Oxygen and Nitrogen are the key factors that gives you the colors that are associated with the lights. “The colors most often associated with the aurora borealis are pink, green, yellow, blue, violet, and occasionally orange and white. Typically, when the particles collide with oxygen, yellow and green are produced. Interactions with nitrogen produce red, violet, and occasionally blue colors.” (SPACE.com Staff 3). This quote gives us a little more information about what colors are present, and how they are formed. You can mainly see these
It’s candle making time once again! I’m always ready for a fun DIY candle project. The one I have in mind for today is incredibly versatile; you can make your candle scented or unscented, and you will choose the hues you want your candle to be. Once you’ve learned the fundamentals of how to make a beautifully layered candle, you may then want to experiment with different shapes and sizes, as well.
It makes its tail glow using bioluminescence which is a chemical reaction between a chemical the glow worm makes called luciferin mixes with air. That chemical reaction gives off light.
Even in the darkest conditions there are tiny bits of light even if your eyes can't see it they are there. Night vision goggles are a good example of letting you see the light. How do they let you see this light? Why is it green?
Firework colours are all about chemistry and you can create them with the help of some basic tools. The colours you create are made exactly the same way as inside fireworks!
Fluorescence spectroscopy, like all spectroscopic methods and instruments, involves the excitation of a sample and the measure of the sample’s response to such excitation. However, the response measured varies from what is needed to be analysis and the instrument used. For fluorescence, the sample is excited at a certain wavelength. This excitation causes the molecule to jump energy levels, from the ground to the excited state as shown in the figure below:
Lasers work by using a process called stimulated emission which allows an incoming photon (of a precise level) to interact with an excited atomic electron. Stimulated emission allows three things to occur. The first is the light from a laser being monochromatic. This means that the light is of only of one specific wavelength of colour. The wavelength of light is decided by the amount of energy released when the electron drops into a lower orbit. Light can only be released when an atom has become excited and gives off an electric discharge which causes the electrons to drop form a high energy orbit into a lower energy orbit. The second is coherency; this is the organization of the light. Every photon moves in a specific time to match the others. Therefore each photon has wave fronts that take-off in unison. The third is the direction of the light. The light has a very concentrated beam and is very strong. Ordinary light do not have these properties. The light of a flashlight is very spread out and disorganized unlike the light of a laser.
Encyclopedia Britannica tells us that the interaction between these particles is crucial to the formation of the lights.