Differences In A Meta-Analysis Study : An Analysis Of Varia

The 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami was an horrific natural disaster. On Sunday 26th of December 2004 at 7.58 am local time there was an earthquake of a massive magnitude 9 on the Richter scale. The earthquake struck off the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia. It was the result of the Indio-Australian Plate subducting below the Eurasian Plate. Indonesia was hit by the tsunami first. Forty-five minutes later it reached Thailand.

Natural disasters are a huge challenge for the planet because of the adverse effects that are associated with them. One of the major earthquakes to have shaken the earth is the Great Sendai Earthquake or Great Tōhoku Earthquake that occurred in 2011. The event started when a powerful earthquake hit the northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, and resulted in a widespread damage on land. A series of massive tsunamis later devastated many parts of the coastal regions of the country with the worst affected being the Tohoku region. The tsunami further resulted in a major nuclear accident that damaged distant regions on a power station located along the coast. The economic effects of the tsunami qualify it as one of the major natural disasters because it affected Japan’s economic stability as the country ended up resorting to importing as an alternative to cover the loss.

Throughout this unit, the Science in Practice class has been learning about natural disasters and the impact it has on humans and environment. The natural disaster that will be discussed in this report is the Boxing Day Tsunami, which occurred on the 26th of December, 2004. The tsunami took place in the Indian Ocean. Due to, two tectonics plates, the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate colliding, causing an underwater earthquake. Due to this awful disaster, people were killed, injured, diagnosed with diseases, homes and businesses were destroyed, the environment damaged.

Scientists have projected possible tsunami scenarios for coastal Oregon and Washington, based on the human impact of the 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Japan tsunami. An earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone could be as large as the one that hit Japan lastMarch, and the tsunami could reach the coast in 20 minutes (National Geographic Society [NGS], 1996). The tsunami could create a massive catastrophe killing over 10,000 people during the summer since the evacuation centers are sparse and some people have lower access to high ground (NGS, 1996). For instance, a resort town named Ocean Shores lies on a low-ground narrow peninsula and 5,500 people live there year-round (NGS, 1996). According to the National Geography Society (1996), a catastrophic

Meta-analysis has been much debated and criticized since its creation, and it has been argued that systematic reviews are superior. The present study examined the reverse idea – that meta-analysis is the superior method. A literature search was conducted of meta-analysis studies for psychotherapy within the PsycINFO database. The resulting studies were further examined and classified as either primary articles or secondary articles. Primary articles were further examined for secondary articles associated with them. It was found that there was some criticism within the literature. The results were compared to a study of systematic review literature conducted at the same time. The

From the case study above we can see that human influences were the main cause in the severity of the impact, but that’s not always the case, physical factors are just as important. This can be seen in the great Sumatra- Andaman earthquake which took place on the 26th of December 2004 and registered a 9.1 magnitude, one of the third biggest recorded quakes. The subduction of the Indo-Australian plate under the Burma plate triggered the tsunami responsible for the greatest loss of life in a tectonic event. A 15-20m slip occurred along 1600km of fault line in two phases over a period of around 3-4 minutes, the longest rupture ever recorded in an earthquake. The focus was located just 30km below sea level, which resulted in serval billion tonnes of water being displaced across

More than 130,000 people lost their lives to the catastrophe, and many were exposed to an intense degree of stressors and trauma-inducers that led to emotional disturbance among victims, adolescents in particular, after direct exposure to the tsunami (Centers for Disease Control and prevention [CDCP], 2006; Frankenberg, Friedman, Gillespie, Ingwersen, Pynoos, Rifai, Sikoki, Steinberg, Sumantri, Suriastini, and Thomas, 2008; Musa, Draman, Jeffrey, S., Jeffrey, I., Abdullah, Halim, Wahab, Mukhtar, Johari, Rameli, Midin, Jaafar, Das, Sidi, 2014). Thus, the hypothesis of this paper is that the proximity to the affected area of Aceh significantly increased the severity of PTSD symptoms and, therefore, decreasing the resilience rates.

On the 22nd of May, 1960, the life of so many Europeans had changed and they could never go back for this natural disaster that struck in the South of Chile, caused effects that where not only As a result of the large shocks from the earthquake, a tsunami was produced that was damaging to surrounding continents and islands, this tsunami was abnormal for it wasn’t discreet, inhabitants of continents and islands such as Hawaii could see the tsunami from the coastline. The surface wave magnitude of the tsunami was an 8.6 with a focal depth of 33km, and an epicentre of 39.5° S, 74.5° W. The inhabitants of Chile attempted to seek refuge on sea, however they were ignorant of the tsunami that came around 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, the only structures that survived the

Good morning, at this moment we have breaking news, an catastrophic eartquake of 9 magnitude on the richter scale hit Japan a few minutes ago, this event caused a tsunami with waves up to ten meters. The epicentre was aproximately 70 kilometers east of the Oshika peninsula of Tokio and the hipocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 kilometers. The number of casualities is 24608 and the death tool is estimated around 15894 dealths. The lenght was aproximate six

To conclude, the continental plates snapped which created a 2 meter high tsunami, the energy of the plate movement is then transmitted to the stratum of sediments, causing a large vertical movement in the splay faults, this resulted in the sea level rising above the stratum and this created a 7 metre high sheer wall of a tsunami. If the tsunami was 7 metres offshore it more than doubled by the time in reached the shoreline.

Patten (2014) defines meta-analysis as “a set of statistical methods for combining the results of previous studies” and the conclusions are based on “mathematical synthesis” (p. 151). Cohn and Becker (2003) offer a reason why meta-analysis is done “conducting a meta-analysis is the increase in statistical power that it affords a reviewer” (p. 243). There are two goals for meta-analysis research. They include to estimate a population effect-size parameter and to increase the precision of the estimate of the effect size parameter (Cohn & Becker, 2003). There are two types of meta-analyses. They include fixed effect model and random effects model (Borenstein, Hedges, & Rothstein, 2007). Fixed effects models deals with only one true effect size in which all of the studies that are used whereas random effects refers to when the true effect varies between each individual study that is pulled (2007).

An earthquake so powerful that it knocks the earth off its axis and the coast drops off three feet. A tsunami follows the earthquake leaving tens of thousands of people dead. When watching a live tsunami along the Japanese coast is quite an amazing sight. It was such an extraordinary and dramatic sight to get to witness broadcasting live into the homes across the world. This is an analysis on what is known to be the largest earthquake and biggest tsunami ever to hit Japan on March 11, 2011.

In 2015, Chile suffered an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.3 quakes, which also caused a tsunami letting less than 525 dead people. Hitting ports, leaving shipping containers and fishing vessels in the downtown area are just some examples of the repercussions of this massive catastrophe. As expected, many damaged infrastructures stayed useless after this incident, leaving a big amount of the population without shelter, work, clean water and food. As a matter of fact, the flood reached certain areas of vital importance for human living. Public services, such as electricity, water, and communication were dismantled due to the impact of the tsunami. At the same time, due to the fact that this was a recent event, the government had to deal with

In addition, if the proper scientific equipment would have been in place, the pattern of a tsunami could have been also be identified and forecasted. (World Socialist Website 1)

Another result from the tsunami disaster was that there was a tremendous amount of contamination due to the runoff from land that consisted of debris and waste products. Other negatives effects happened as the shores of the islands receded, many fish populations died, and loss of many tourist attractions which hugely affected the tourism industry (Karthikheyan, 2010).