How Is Meta Analysis Used?

235). The finding indicates that when an individual considers the effectiveness of potential bullying intervention with in a specific educational system. The study also calls for more research to be done because there is more to learn about peer intervention in bullying.

Studies show the dangers in bullying and how it is on the rise especially with use of the

The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent forms of bullying on a high school campus and identify which strategies are most effective to prevent or respond to bullying. The study will also identify the most effective strategies to improve student achievement and attendance for those students who have experienced bullying. Students must feel safe to learn. Students who are bullied have a propensity to avoid the bullies; therefore, they choose not to attend school. Poor attendance often will result in poor grades and even dropping out of school.

1. Is the article proposing to answer a specific clinical question or questions? What are the questions?

The purpose of Chapter two is to establish the theoretical foundations of the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project, discuss the connection between the EBP model and the PICOT question, discuss the literature search and appraisal of evidence that supports the project, synthesize the findings into recommendations for best practice to form a model for the EBP Project. The PICOT question at the core of the project’s purpose asks: For elementary school staff does the use of a specific anti-bullying program training reduce the risk of bullying in the school compared with current anti-bullying practices? This chapter details the search strategy including databases, keywords, limiters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and describes the method of

Systematic reviews allow researchers to to determine the best research evidence to address a health care situation. In disease management and casemanagement specialities, the clincial guidelines for managing chronic health conditions are developed from Systemic reviews ( Groves, et al., 2013). Meta- analysis involves the use of results from previous studies; it involves quasi-experimental and experimental studies and stastical analysis are applied to provide the most desired evidence for an intervention, whiles Meta synthesis uses qualitative studies which main focus is interpretation of a specific study for use as evidenced research (Groves, et al., 2013). Lasty, mixed methods systematic review involves the utilization of independent studies which are conducted through narrative and invloves both quantitative and qualitative methods(Groves, et al.,

Source: McNamee, Abigail, and Mia Mercurio. "School-Wide Intervention in the Childhood Bullying Triangle." Childhood Education 5(2008):370. eLibrary. Web. 02 Feb. 2016.

These skills and behaviors can be introduced to students in lessons and classroom discussions. Some of the intensive interventions consist of support to both victims and bullies through group therapy and individual counseling. Obtaining parent support for these children is a important component of intervention initiatives. The goals of these programs are to empower adults and children to take the appropriate steps to stop bulling when and where it occurs and to teach children positive behaviors and interpersonal skills. “Effective prevention efforts mobilize a school’s most vital resource- the students- to be a school’s most powerful force in fostering a caring culture in which all students can grow and learn”( Feinberg,2003).

To conduct Meta-analysis, researchers define the empirical question(s) that are the focus of the review and identify the variables and conditions to be considered. Then, researchers define the independent and dependent variables. To collect the relevant studies, researchers include criteria for the studies and code it to guide the searching process. When the studies are coded, researchers can calculate the effect size, which will help them conduct comparisons and calculate the overall effect

data and a meta-analytic framework to synthesize results across sites. This study found that the

Meta-analysis has been much debated and criticized since its creation, and it has been argued that systematic reviews are superior. The present study examined the reverse idea – that meta-analysis is the superior method. A literature search was conducted of meta-analysis studies for psychotherapy within the PsycINFO database. The resulting studies were further examined and classified as either primary articles or secondary articles. Primary articles were further examined for secondary articles associated with them. It was found that there was some criticism within the literature. The results were compared to a study of systematic review literature conducted at the same time. The

Cullen and Gendreau compare and contrast the many studies on this subject, the meta-analyses conclusions, their strengths, weaknesses, inconsistencies, and the trends that follow the studies

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are considered forms of evidence-based practice (EBP). EBP is the process of integrating the best evidentiary information available with scientific expertise (97, 98). Gibbs describes EBP as (1) being driven by values of putting forth best practices by the researcher; (2) establishing a well-defined question that guides the research for best practices; (3) exploring and exhausting the literature to answer issues in question; (4) critically appraising the evidence found for validity and worth; (5) applying the evidence to policy or practice; (6) evaluating the effectiveness of the application; and (7) disseminating the results (99). In this case, there are no published systematic reviews on the association

Before conducting my research I made several predictions most based of the other’s data or studies in the field. Most of my data and collected information came from HBSC.org, which is a world health organization collaborative cross nation survey. HBSC has research various components of bullying and the effects if any on children. The information was collected over a wide time span. The HBSC collects data every four years on 11-, 13- and 15-year-old boys' and girls' health and well-being, social environments and health behaviors in 43 countries. They gather the data in the form of a survey given to children ages 11-15 both boy and girl participants.

Brown, E.C., Haggerty, K.P., Low, S., & Smith, B. H. (2011). Outcomes from a school-randomized controlled trial steps to respect: A bullying prevention program. School Psychology Review, 40(3), 423-443. Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000296892700006&site=eds-live&scope=site