SCADA - EMS This report covers the real-time system design and the different components of the SCADA Energy Management System. Specifically, this report will focus on the General Electric XA/21 SCADA system and how it all fits together and how it provides a solution to end-users and administrators. The XA/21 is a very scalable and customizable system and that will be described at great length in this report (General Electric, 2013). System Basics As noted in the introduction, the scalability and customizing of the XA/21 system is very flexible. There can be anywhere from one to 150 different computing nodes. The system has been installed more than 100 times and there has been 3.5 million hours of online operation. GE states that the system can be flexible enough to evolve and be changed based on changing regulatory demands and changing market conditions. The total cost of ownership is purported to be quite low. The system can be set up using a variety of different operating systems and programming languages ranging from the modern iterations to the much more dated technologies and languages (General Electric, 2013). The operating systems and programming technologies that can be used include UNIX, Microsoft Windows, ODBC, POSIX, Structured Query Language (SQL), TCP/IP, ANSI C, Fortran, C++, JAVA, CORBA, XML, SSL, HTTP, DNP 3, IED 870-5 101, IEC 870-6 TASE.2 (ICCP) and ELCOM 90. Examples above of technologies that are quite new and/or are constantly being updated include
Types of software such as operating systems, applications and utilities, programming languages, and user support applications are the knowledge base for this competency. Necessary skill is interrogating and reporting from the database. I have heard of some of the different operating systems and languages although I have no programming experience in any of the languages used today. I have never interrogated a database or derived a report from the database.
The cost to maintain and grow ABC-ISG’s current VNX5800 to meet their needs over the next five years was compared to the cost to the cost to meet the same needs using XtremIO. By the end of year three the XtremIO solution will save ABC-ISG more than $80,000.00 in comparison to the cost to maintain the current solution. By the end of year five the XtremIO solution will save ABC-ISG over
NextEra power plants contain a large population of transmitters and positioners that provide sensor feedback to the digital process control systems that allow for the generation of power for the bulk electric system. The design of NextEra power plants has multiple transmitters for critical applications that are configured with two or three transmitter selection schemes. These transmitters and positioners were installed when the sites were initially constructed and are upgraded when they fail or when they are no longer accurate. The typical useful life of these instruments for NextEra Energy is 15 to 20 years. Depending on the date of manufacture by the instrument supplier; these devices have very little capability to implement the NERC CIP security measures. These transmitters are not redundant; they are configured in a manner that will allow one of the two other
Discussion point 2: SCADA networks consists of many computers and software’s which performs many tasks and services in the organization or infrastructure which are considered to be backbone of the country which requires major protection from many cyber threats. In industrialized countries, precise census of SCADA systems is absent which is a big concern. Recently Incident Illinois on alleged water facility incident and Stuxnet virus proves that
Once a physical location and web server has been chosen, the web architecture can be chosen. The server is just a useless piece of hardware without a software package to make it operational. To the customer, the website is a visual interface comprised of various links, menus, radio buttons, lists, dialog boxes, etc. What the customer does not see is the database management system and other software components that make it possible for them to enter customer information, pick and choose products, and submit an order that will be processed and shipped out to them. Choosing the best operating system to support the business need falls into the planning phase and has to be managed by a database administrator or DBA. There are various operating systems that are available and can vary by costs, platform, usability, and language. The more common language used in database management systems is Structured Query Language or SQL.
The purpose of this project is to build a system that will help and address Tony Chip’s new requirements. All of the new requirements will be considered with the system architecture and it will use all of the applications that still perform after the upgrade and change. The
Atlantic Computer is a manufacturer of servers and other high-tech products. Following the growth of the internet there has been an increase of demand for cheaper, Basic Segment Servers. Atlantic Computer, currently having a 20% market share in the High Performance Server market, has decided to expand their product range and enter the Basic Segment market. Their response to the projected 36% compound annual growth in demand for Basic Servers has come in the form of the “Atlantic Bundle”. A Basic Segment server, called “Tronn”, with an innovative software tool. “Performance Enhancing Service Accelerator”, or PESA, which would allow the Tronn to perform up to four times faster than its
Information security for the energy sector is an important and necessary responsibility for the government institutions in the United States if the nation is to continue enjoying peace. After the 9/11 attacks, every citizen of the United States is always in fear of what could happen if an attack is waged. Going by the magnitude of the 9/11 attacks, any new attack would catch the country any time and from any quarters. Having this in mind, the security apparatus tasked with securing information in the energy sector should be very keen as the different critical infrastructures in the energy sector could be the next target for a terrorist attack. If a terrorist would have access to critical information on the energy sector, the waging of an attack on or using the critical infrastructure in the United States would be rather easy and much more detrimental. Industry players and all concerned parties that have legal access to sensitive information should work together in implementing highly proofed security protocol on the access and use of information. Regular and coordinated changes should be made on levels of access and times of access to sensitive information to reduce the predictability of information flow in the different energy sectors. There are many things that can be done to secure information in the energy sector besides what has already been mentioned. Investment should be done by the government of the United States into threat analysis measures and the implementation
Database technologies are a core component of many computing systems. They allow data to be
Programming Language, to make the required calculations, to store the data obtained and input / output devices to send data to / receive is the language used to make such transactions. A specific syntax of the programming languages as in natural language (syntax) is. Programming languages not only with applications that run on computers, electronic devices with applications running on other processors and memory is
Though there are many ways to make the power grid more secure, the improvements suggested: resources, best practices, and standards, will improve the current problem of cyber attacks.
SCADA Systems is considered a vital aspect of Critical Infrastructures, which is tied to all other Critical Infrastructures. In the modern age where automation is emerging as a normal part of daily function, the need for a system to monitor and control these automated processes is required. While automation yields an overabundance of benefits such as reduced operating costs and efficiency, it is not without flaws. SCADA Systems are like any other program in the sense that it is vulnerable to attacks. As the automation continues to evolve, security threats will parallel the growth and demands innovative protection methods. This paper will provide an overview of SCADA Systems functions, vulnerabilities, and protection suggestions.
Introduction: Due to growing awareness of environmental issues, Australia is committed to the clean energy target of 33,000GWh by the year 2020. Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in low voltage system will play an important role in fulfilling the target. In order to accommodate DERs, the structure and control strategies of the modern power systems is moving from traditional centralised generation and control structure to localized generation and control and coordination [1]. However, it possesses a variety of economic and technical challenges.
Since 1955 the McDonald’s Corporation has become the largest and best known fast food franchise in the world. Employing over 1.8 million employees, with over 34,000 restaurants and 5000 franchises worldwide, McDonald’s Corporation serves over 69 million customers a day (McDonalds, 2013). To meet that challenge, McDonald’s Corporation has developed signature software and hardware to maintain operations at a pace known to no other restaurant chain.
A key solution to the energy storage and wastage problems is offered by renewable energy sources; however, their integration with the existing grids comes with a set of barriers such as the intermittency of generation and the high level of distribution of the sources and the lack of proven distribution control algorithms to manage such a highly distributed generation base [2]. In such situation, the use of communication and information technologies is attractive to match the demand to the available supply and dramatically improve performance and efficiency. A smart grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to it and makes use of advanced information, control, and communications technologies to save energy, reduce cost and