Discovering Water Hardness Lab Report

Water is one of the most precious resources, which support the life of almost everything in the world. Indeed, the world is covered by 75% water, but most of this water is not suitable for human consumption or use. On the same note, the world has been increasing its consumption of water due to the increasing population, leading to increased demands. The increased water consumption, which has been a result of high population, is worrying because the matter may lead to massive water shortages in the future.

Having a hard water with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions at home could be an annoying thing for many people. When hard water is heated the minerals in it precipitate out including the Ca+ and Mg+2 ions, these mineral start to form a coat on shower doors, bath tops, soap scums which result of addition of soap to hard water and people will find difficulty cleans with soap since hard water lose some affections in dissolving soaps as soaps get mixing with ions and less soap will be dissolving. As a response of this hard water problems water softener came to the market. Water softener works by exchange the hard water ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ with slats such as Na+ and k+ this way the hard water ions will be reduced or eliminated leading to better water quality [2].

In the Chemistry of Natural Waters Lab we were to collect a sample of water, ranging from a fountain, stream, bottle, or tap water. After we collected the samples we all did many tests to see what the hardness was for each one. Water hardness is determined by the amount of Calcium and Magnesium in the water.(2) Water that has more Calcium or Magnesium is considered to be harder than water with less of those two elements. When you use soap and detergent, this is where you see water hardness coming into play in everyday life when you are washing things.

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

A quite common characteristic of water is water hardness, a component that is applicable to various uses. Water hardness is characterized as water with dissolved divalent cations, primarily highly dissolvable Ca2+ and Mg2+ions. While the concept of water hardness is an age-old term, dating back to Hippocrates, our

Purpose How does temperature affect the solubility of salt in water? Hypothesis: If temperature affect the solubility of salt in water, then when tested the warm water will have a much greater solubility.

Purpose: Finding the concentration of Ca2+ ions in two samples of hard water. Hypothesis: According to the given molarity of CaCl2 in the table, the concentration of sample one should be 0.400 M, making the hardness of the water 400 mg/L and the concentration of sample four should be 0.100 M, making the hardness of the 40.1 mg/L. Procedures: The first experiment was performed to test the procedure of finding Ca2+ ions in a solution. A known amount of CaCl2 and an excess of Na2CO3 were added to a beaker with deionized water in order to make CaCO3 precipitate. The theoretical yield of CaCO3 was calculated from the mass of the CaCl2. The precipitate was filtered from the solution using the Buchner funnel and aspiration filtration.

The main focus for this lab is to determine why and how water is so essential to life. To begin with, water transports molecules around the body which is in fact very important because afterwards the body gets rid of any waste or toxins in which is unecessary for the body to keep. In addition, water keeps many ogranisms alive and growing, water can range in three different tempetures such as; solid, liquid and gas, in the end all of these occur on the earth. Waters scientific term is H2O which conclude; hydrogen and oxygen atoms, hydrogen is known to be a positive charge and oxygen has a negative charge and together end up having no charge, which makes the molecule polar. The purpose of this study is to dive deep and determine waters importance to life and why it is so essential.

Label three test tubes A - C and place them in a test tube rack. Using a graduated beral-type pipet and add about 2 mL of the cobalt chloride solution to each test tube A - C. Make sure a pipet is used to measure so that all volumes are equal. Place A in an ice bath, B in boiling water, and C should remain a constant temperature. Add HCl to each and observe.

There are links between high serum urate, hyperuricemia, and many inflammatory diseases, yet the mechanism is obscure. For humans, purine and ATP are broken down to urate, which builds up in plasma because we lack the enzyme uricase to promote its excretion as allantoin. Urate may benefit our health by acting as an antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species. Yet, hyperuricemia is associated with gout, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. These inflammatory diseases are characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. During oxidative stress urate is oxidized to several reactive electrophiles including urate hydroperoxide. This novel oxidant could promote the pro-oxidant effects of urate.

The earth is the only planet suitable for human being and other livings things to live on as of present time. Globally, ground water resources dwarf surface water supplies. Study has estimated 900 million people lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation in the world (1). Unfortunately, many millions die each year from preventable waterborne diseases. Clean water is globally important to human being in so many ways, water is not only important as an element to hydrate and nurture lives, it is also a source of energy.

The minerals contained in hard water have a wide impact on your life and home. Hard water affects almost any task requiring water. Fortunately, you can reduce water hardness by contacting our plumbers in Sugar Land and scheduling the installation of a water softener on your water supply line. Once installed, the softener will protect your pipes, appliances, and generally make your life easier.

In this lab, the seeds in the pH of seven, pure water, grew the most out of both trials, just as predicted. In trial one, the radish seeds in pure water grew gradually over the period of six days, reaching the germination of 23 of the 25 seeds. However, all of the seeds in the other Petri dishes showed no growth over this course of time. Trial two mimicked about the same data, with 21 of the 25 seeds germinating in pure water and no growth in the other Petri dishes. The water in the Petri dishes that contained baking soda turned yellow and green in both trials, yet still showed no growth. At the end of the six days, the seeds in the Petri dish with a pH of seven began to turn green as the roots grew longer, resembling successful germination. Overall, these findings illustrate that seeds grow best in a pH of seven, pure water, thus proving the hypothesis

As a result, clothes laundered in hard water may look dirty and feel harsh and scratchy. Hard water causes a film and scale deposit builds upon glass shower doors, shower walls, bathtubs, sinks, and faucets. Furthermore, scale deposit builds up in a water heater and in the pipe system (distributing system) resulting in energy consumption increment and water flow reduction as the pipes become clogged with the scale (Braff, D., 2012, April 25). There is no Primary or Secondary standard for water hardness issued by EPA. Also, hardness has no health risk, as a matter of fact, drinking hard water generally adds a small amount toward total calcium and magnesium human nutritional needs. (Hard Water Hardness Calcium Magnesium Water Corrosion Mineral Scale, n.d.). As the hardness of water is classified as: (0 to 60) mg/l as calcium carbonate is classified as a soft water and (60 to 120) mg/l as a moderately hard water and (120 to 180) mg/l as a hard water and more than 180 mg/L as a very hard water. (Water-quality criteria,

Hard water is the water that has a high amount of mineral in it, usually Ca2+ and Mg+. These cations enter the source of water by leaching from minerals within a wet underground layer of water- bearing rock, or an aquifer. According to the WHO, hard water is not harmful to human’s health but it’s a serious problem in the water industry. Household plumbing and appliances are also greatly affected by hard water conditions. Some of the effects include clogged pipes, water heater inefficiency and hard scaling. Hard water is also linked to decreased water flow or water pressure and seized (frozen) valves in faucets,