The Chemistry Of Natural Waters Lab Report

The Results from ETDA (table 7) show that tap water Mifflin Hall (400 ppm) is hardest than the four other water samples. It is followed by tap water Harleysville (340 ppm), well Water Wyckoff (320 ppm), Stream Water Raleigh (110 ppm) and Tap water Yosemite (80 ppm). This order supports my hypothesis. Tap water Yosemite is relatively soft compared to the other water samples. I have predicted my sample to be the hardness and tap water Yosemite to be the softest. Also, these results support my hypothesis in the assumption that they show that stream water Raleigh is moderately hard as expected. Nevertheless, I expected tap water Yosemite to be relatively soft but the data show that it is moderately hard. In fact, I assumed that tap water Yosemite would be slightly hard because in California ground water is stored in alluvium. They are made up of loose gravel, sands, and silts and they contain a very low concentration of divalent cations. Maybe the fact that rocks vary from the state of California due to the difference in geology might

Is A+C a chemical reaction? Yes, because of serval chemical changes happening to the solution before and after. I came to this conclusion by using three pieces of evidence. The three pieces of evidence were a ph imbalance, a dramatic density rise, and a change in electroconductivity.

During this particular lab there were various chemical reactions that we had to observe and describe with much detail. In “Part One” of the lab we continued to mix various substances, and then noted descriptive characteristics such as smell and color. This particular portion of the lab was interesting because each mixture lead to a unique reaction. For example, after we mixed the substances “E” and “F” the final substance smelled similar to wood, but this did not occur in any of the other final solutions. Therefore, this part of the lab allowed us to experience a wide range of chemical reactions, which caused an assortment of changes. This aspect of the lab does need to be improved because it was an insightful experiment that forced each student

The Clean Water act of 1972 was intended to regulate the discharge of pollutants into United States water. The Environmental protection Agency established the standard of waste water and the quality of water contaminants in the surface water. The Clean water Act have prohibited discharging pollutant from a point source. ("History of the Clean Water Act | Laws & Regulations | US EPA", 2016). Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide, is one the commonly used herbicides in the agricultural field. Glyphosate which is sold under the named roundup are used to kill weeds. “The impact of Glyphosate herbicides have been widely study in the terrestrial weed control”, There are fewer research completed on the effect of Glyphosate on fresh water. (Perez et al Zagares 2007). USGS states that

This lab experiment was to examine the effects of water contamination. This experiment was based on the quality of water in a town named Fruitvale in which the water had been infected due to rubbish and litter. Our task was to conduct an experiment using the different water samples and universal indicator. The universal indicator displays the ppb(contamination level) level in the water. In total there were 40 well that could be possibly be tested. I tested 23 wells in all. My final hypothesis is: if I tested wells 12, 9, 6, 16, 15 then the ppb level would be higher because these wells are near the old chemical company, the farm that uses pesticides and the trash land.

Chelsea manager Antonio Conte says England international Danny Drinkwater’s debut in the 2-1 League Cup victory over Everton proves the midfielder is ready to feature in the English Premier League campaign according to Express.

Tap water is tested more often than bottled water and is more closely regulated. The majority of bottled water comes from tap water. It's expensive to buy water bottles and easier to buy a filter if there is a concern. Only 1 in every 5 water bottles put in the recycle bin. The is a lot of liter that comes from water bottles and it's easier to just use tap water. Water bottles can be more convent and fast. It's helpful to just feel up a water bottle with tap water and that will save money, help the environment and be just as healthy. My family has always bought water bottles and I grew up assuming they were safer than tap water. In my opinion based on the articles and information I found, I believe that drinking tap water is more rewarding

In this lab, the evaporation technique was used to determine the solubility of the salt at room temperature in water.

Water hardness is defined as the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. (2) In order to have hard water, calcium (Ca^(2+)) and magnesium (Mg^(2+)) need to have a high concentration of both ions dissolved into the water. Depending on the amount of dissolved minerals, water hardness has the possibility of being detected without actually experimentally testing for it. Have you ever felt like you still had residue on your hands after washing with soap? This is the effect of the calcium ions reacting with the soap. These effects have no effects for humans when drinking this water but industries worry about their water’s hardness for one main reason.

The field water samples were collected from the oil and gas field. SRB were isolated from the samples using ATCC 1249 medium. The components are listed in Table 3-1. L-Cysteine (100 ppm) was added into the medium as oxygen scavenger to avoid possible oxygen leak. The original sample solution was frozen in 1.5 ml centrifugal tubes and stored in a −20 oC freezer. One tube of seed culture was used in the ATCC 1249 medium for testing for a month. After that, another tube of seed culture was used to prevent the culture to be too different from the original culture. The planktonic motile SRB cell concentrations in the ATCC 1249 medium was counted using a hemocytometer under a 400X

Drinking water is everywhere, even in places where you think there is no water. But some water is not good. Some water has bacteria that can make you sick if you drink it too much. If there were clean water everywhere, it would decrease the amount of diseases and sickness. According to scientists, the number of people dying from sicknesses would decrease by 88%. Scientists have also said that clean drinking water would prevent 3 million deaths worldwide. The cost of good filtration systems is one problem that causes bad drinking water. Since 3rd world countries are poor, they do not have the enough money to buy these materials used for filtration. Listed below are many filtration methods used with everyday household materials such as cloth, and cups. There is some complex filtration systems used that cost a lot. But some filtration methods can be used with little things. These simple filtration methods are good to use in 3rd world countries because they are not expensive, while most filtration systems can cost up to more than $500.

Hardness is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Hardness impacts on water quality throughout the aesthetic acceptability by consumers (meaning the concentration of the calcium and magnesium and other dissolved solids are measureable by the consumers). In addition to, economic and operational considerations (which is controllable throughout the treatment or blending in public drinking water), hard water tends to leave scale deposition in the water distribution system, as well as in heated water applications. (Hardness in Drinking-water, 2011).

The water will turn to blue when you reach this point. Once you find how many drops of EDTA it took, you can calculate the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the water, as seen in the results section. EDTA is not always precise since the turning point will often lie between drops, which can result in a large margin of error, especially for small samples. For a more accurate test, we turn to AA, or Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. This water hardness test uses a machine to aspirate the water sample. This gas then is burned in a flame, and a light of a range of wavelengths is passed through it. The machine then calculates the amount of divalent cations in the water by comparing the relative levels of light passed through the sample at each wavelength to known atomic absorption levels. You then use a trend line from known samples’ readings, to figure out what the concentration of calcium or magnesium there is. These two different tests are both used in this lab so that we can be assured we’ve done them right. The hardness of one test should be similar to the hardness obtained from the other. Using these tests, we created a hypothesis to test.

Water is an important substance that is needed all around the world. Freshwater is not completely pure though. It has dissolved solutes from minerals, and gases from the atmosphere. The presence of dissolved ions in water gives it a chemical property that is called water hardness. Water hardness refers to a liquid that has a high concentration of minerals, but those minerals are typically Ca2+, and Mg2+. Water that has a very low concentration of these elements is called “soft”. This chemical property can be measured as concentrations in molarity, M; parts per million, ppm; and grains per gallon1.

For EDTA, it is the agent, ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic for dissolved divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ with the appropriate indicator EBT (eriochrome black) to analyze divalent cations in water. By using the titration, the end point is the color change from red to blue by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Thus the concentration of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ can represent the hardness of water sample showing as specific values. For AA, it is a technique to determine and measure the dissolved metal in the sample. The atoms in the sample that has energy separation can absorb the