Distal Radius Fracture Report

In elderly patients and high risk patients, physicians may consider a more conservative treatment option using splints/casts rather than surgery

There are two types of osteoporosis that have been identified which are primary and secondary. Osteoporotic bones are thin and brittle and are prone to fracture. The bone loss involves both compact and spongy bone. In type I osteoporosis, which occurs typically in postmenopausal women, spongy bone loss predominates, occurring most prominently in the vertebrae and distal radius (Gueldner, Burke, Smiciknas-Wright, 2000). Major complications of type I osteoporosis are crush fractures of the vertebral bodies and the distal end of the radius. Type II, or old-age, osteoporosis is characterized by a proportional loss of compact and spongy bone of the long bones (Gueldner, Burke, Smiciknis-Wright). The most serious fractures of old age are those of

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, nearly one quarter of men and an astonishing fifty percent of women will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Women are primarily affected by this due to menopause or

Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[1] Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, more common in females compared to males. Osteoporosis is defined as a “skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to increased risk of fractures (Manolagaas, 2014). Osteoporosis is defined as “a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue (What is osteoporosis?2014). Osteoporosis is sometimes also referred as “silent thief” as the bone loss occurs very slowly and silently without any symptoms (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). The most common site for fracture due to osteoporosis is hip followed by humerus (Woltman & den Hoed, 2010) . Osteoporosis can occur at any age, although it is a disorder common in females (especially post-menopausal females). Everyone is prone to osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). According to Osteoporosis Canada, 1 in 3 Canadian females and 1 in 5 Canadian males may suffer fractures due to osteoporosis during their lifetime (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Canadian health care system spends 1.2 billion dollars for the acute hospitalization caused by osteoporosis and in 2010 the health care system spent 3.9 billion dollars for the total treatment of osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Osteoporosis can be screened and diagnosed by various methods; however the dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used. If the T-score values are less than -1 and greater than -2.5SD it is termed as osteopenia,

Osteoporosis occurs when bones lose their strength and density. They become fragile, weak, and brittle, this means that the bones are more likely to fracture. Osteoporosis particularly affects women after menopause and in their later years. However, some men may also be affected. Activity and a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help prevent osteoporosis. It affects one of every two women and one out of every five men, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Osteoporosis is a major public heath treat for more than 28 million Americans, 80 percent of whom are women. In the U.S. today, 10 million individuals

According to Judith (2010), Osteoporosis is a loss of the reabsorption in the bones by way of calcium, plasma, and phosphate. Estrogen production helps bones metabolism by stimulating osteoblastic activity and limiting osteoclastic effects of the parathyroid hormone. It develops when the new formation of bones fall behind in the reabsorption process (Judith, 2010). In simpler terms, it’s a loss of bone mass due to a metabolic bone disorder affected by the rate of bone resorption advances while the rate of the bone formation reduces. According to Judith (2010), the bones end up losing calcium, phosphates and end up brittle making them prone to fractures and further complications (P . 236).

Nearly 55 million Americans are estimated to have osteoporosis, making it one of the most common diseases among American seniors. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 50 percent of women and 25 percent of men over the age of 50 will end up a broken bone as a result of osteoporosis. In fact, according to May Clinic,

The primary cause of a fracture is trauma from car accidents, sports injuries and falls. The trauma may be a direct blow to the bone or an indirect force from muscle contractions or pulling on the bone. Other factors that may contribute to fractures include: vigorous exercise, malnutrition, genetic factors, and osteoporosis. The most common cause of a distal radius fracture is falling onto an outstretched arm (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). “Wrist fractures of the distal radius are common and may present special problems for the surgeon and therapist. There are several categories of distal radius fractures, but the Colles fracture of the distal radius is the most common injury to the wrist and may result in limitations in wrist flexion and extension, as well as forearm pronation and supination, resulting from the involvement of the distal radioulnar joint” (Early, p.613).

Objectives: 1. Evaluate the impact of RA on bone mineral density (BMD) on non-menopausal women. 2. Examine variables associated with low BMD in patients with RA.

Osteoporosis is a common health concern globally. It has been estimated that 1 in 3 women in the United States suffers from osteoporosis and related fractures after menopausal age. According to the existing evidence, elderly patients have received inefficient attention regarding osteoporosis prevention or treatment. Moreover, physicians have practiced insufficiently in the prescription of anti-osteoporosis medication. Since the condition has a silent progressive process and presents with debilitating fractures, prompt diagnosis is of crucial importance to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone loss and bone remodeling. Basically the bone density has become extremely low causing much pain and a higher chance of fractures and or bone breakages. Bone remodeling is responsible for removing mature bone tissue and replacing it with new bone tissue. This disease is more common in older adults, Asians, and Hispanics due to the lack of calcium consumption. Women are often more prone to getting osteoporosis than men because women are born with less bone mass than men. This disease often occurs if full bone mass was not achieved during the bone-building years.

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, “About 54 million Americans have osteoporosis and low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis. Studies suggest that approximately one in two women and up to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis.” The bone disorder may be common, but there are many risk factors for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis usually happens with elders, especially in postmenopausal women. According to Human Anatomy and