Does False Concentration Affect Surfactant?

Data from previous studies suggest that the inactive sHSP takes on the oligomer conformation Upon stress, these oligomers assemble into active dimeric species, exposing previously inaccessible hydrophobic surfaces that can then interact with nonpolar patches on the misfolded substrate, capturing them in large complexes. The sHSP-substrate complexes maintain the substrate in a folding-competent state for extended periods of time. Biologically this is of utmost importance since it is

47 - There are four different types of surfactants that are categorized based on the number of carbon atoms

A biomolecule can dissolve in water if it can form significant non-covalent interactions with the solvent molecules.

I expect my hypothesis to correspond with my results as I go into this experiment. I believe that my hypothesis will be correct because if the food coloring is acting as the alveoli lining, without the surfactant the alveoli lining should be stiff and unable to move very much, but with the surfactant it should be able to open up and allow the for the spread of the food coloring and continuously keep it

These results can be attributed to the intermolecular forces holding

The eluting solvent passed down the column by the gravity and an equilibrium was established between the solute absorbed by the absorbent (silica gel in this experiment) and the eluting solving flowing down. Since the components in the sample had different polarity and they interacted with the stationary phase and the mobile phase differently, the components would be carried by the solvent to a different extent and a separation of the components could be achieved.

Have you ever wondered why rain drops form little bubbles, or how water makes little bubbles on pennies? To properly understand my project, you will have to understand water surface tension, and how hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules work. Also how surfactants work, and how surfactants can propel a (n) object.

When one examines a solvent, such as cyclohexane in this case, it is important to note that it will have a set of colligative properties that rely upon how much particles of a given solute are present in a solution (Beran, 2014). Some of colligative properties include the vapor pressure, freezing point, boiling point, and osmotic pressure of the solvent (Beran, 2014). More specifically, a trend has been observed that describes how adding greater amounts of solute will decrease the freezing point of a

Solutions are formed by mixing a solute in a solvent. A unique characteristic of solutions is that they have colligative properties, which can be defined as properties that solely depend on the solute’s concentration of molecules, not the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include reducing the vapor pressure, elevating the boiling point, depressing the freezing point, and osmotic pressure.1 In this particular experiment, the colligative property freezing point depression will be focused on. Freezing point depression was discovered by a French chemist named Francois-Marie Raoult. Raoult found that adding a solute to a solvent resulted in an overall decrease in the freezing point temperature of the solvent.2 Calculations involved in this experiment include two basic equations. One equation will calculate molality, and the other will calculate the change in freezing point temperature using the freezing point depression constant, the solution’s molality, and the van’t Hoff factor. The van’t Hoff factor is determined by finding the number of ions that a compound will dissociate into. In this experiment, freezing point depression will be utilized to determine the molecular weights and identities of two unknown compounds.

Coehsive forces between water molecules are responsible for surface tension. This makes it harder to move through a surface. Surface tension also forms water

Some marine species achieve great dispersal distances and range expansions with the assistance of floating propagules such as rafts, which provide habitat for the duration of their time afloat (Edgar 1987; Jokiel 1990; Helmuth et al. 1994; Thiel et al. 2005). The distance that propagules disperse may control the demographics of marine populations, in addition to governing the rates of colonization, range expansion, and genetic exchange(Kinlan et al. 2003; Donald et al. 2005). Biologists also speculate that passive rafting plays a key role in colonising isolated environments such as islands (Kinlan et al. 2003; Fraser et al. 2011), with many ‘non-dispersive’ coastal species incapable of reaching these locations independently (Jokiel 1990; Kinlan

A soft-sphere experiences a different force within a moving fluid, such as drag, buoyant weight, inertia to motion changes, and electrical interaction forces with nearby pore walls (Sharma & Yortsos, 1987) (Herzig, Leclerc, & Goff, 1970) (Mcdowell-boyer, Hunt, & Itar, 1986). Therefore, these suspended particles in fluid leads to the formation of larger particle aggregates through the collision and adhesion between them and this phenomenon have been called agglomeration. Besides agglomeration, process splitting of large particle aggregates into small aggregate or single particles and called as fragmentation. Most probably these two phenomena’s of agglomeration and fragmentation took place together in a system (Henry, Minier, Pozorski, & Lefèvre, 2013). The physical mechanism that leads to clogging of channel is extremely complicated and still a lot of study is going on to understand its complexcity. The simplest cause of clogging is either particle is entering a smaller size channel as compare to particle size or there is a gradual increase in particles size, which leads to channel blockage (Goldsztein & Santamarina, 2004). Another possibility is arch formation within a channel. Once the particles are in the arching configuration, forces induced by the shear on the arch can hold the particles in place and

In the article Making Pesticide Droplets Less Bouncy Could Cut Agricultural Runoff  by Varanasi Kripa, the research team from MIT discovered that the use of two different polymer substances could make pesticides stick to the leaves of plants compared to the only two percent that use to stick to the leaves of the plants that farmers sprayed with pesticides.  They state that with two separate tanks of polymer substances,  “One gives the solution a negative electric charge; the other causes a positive charge.  When two of the oppositely-charged droplets meet on a leaf surface, they form a hydrophilic  "defect" that sticks to the surface and increases the retention of further droplets”.  With all of this said I believe that this research should

A surface active agent, also known as a surfactant is a substance that surrounds the inner surface of the lung and consists of four proteins and six phospholipid fats that are manufactured inside of the lung of the human body, however this substance can also be created artificially. The four proteins include the hydrophilic or water attracting proteins SP-A and SP-D and the opposite hydrophobic or water repelling proteins, SP-B and SP-C. The main purpose of a natural surfactant found in the body is to decrease the amount of surface tension of fluid (attraction of surface particles found in a liquid) that can be found in an organ. In the lungs for example this is achieved by securing the small air sacs inside of the alveoli (lungs).

If one of the liquids wets solid particles more than the other one, the better wetting liquid becomes the continuous phase and the other becomes the dispersed phase. O/W emulsions will come into being if the three-phase contact angle θ (angle at the three-phase boundary of solid particles, continuous phase and dispersed phase) is less than 90° (e.g., silica, clay), and W/O emulsions should form if θ > 90° (e.g., carbon black). However, only when θ is relatively close to 90° can the particle effectively act as a Pickering stabilizer. The particles tend to remain dispersed in either phase if they are too hydrophilic (low θ) or too hydrophobic (high