Drugs For Neglected Disease

Scientists have proved a direct relationship between antibiotic dosage and the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Firstly, the overuse of antibiotics clearly drives the evolution of resistance. In many countries where antibiotics are unregulated and can be bought without a prescription. The lack of regulation leads to antibiotics being easily available, plentiful and cheap, which results in overuse. With the emergence of online shopping, people in countries where antibiotics are regulated also can get antibiotics from foreign countries. Secondly, incorrectly prescribed antibiotics also contribute to the promotion of resistant bacteria. Up to half of antibiotics used in humans are unnecessary and inappropriate. For example, a third of people believe that antibiotics are effective for the common cold, and the common cold is the most common reason

The misuse and overdose of the antibiotics increase the resistance problem. It can cause these bacteria to

With all of our modern advances, it seems somewhat strange that chronic health problems have become so commonplace. When antibiotics were discovered, they predicted the end of disease. Instead, we now have a world full of frightening antibiotic resistant infections.

However, the scene is changing dramatically once again, and not in our favor. Antibiotic resistant bacteria

A current predicament in the field of science is antibiotic resistance against superbugs.Though fighting against superbugs; which can be defined as a strain of bacteria unable to be killed using multiple antibiotics, is now a large problem, in the past it was not. The evolution of resistance in bacteria due to antibiotic abuse and lack of product development has brought upon us once again the fear of a pre-antibiotic era; one where simple, once easily defeated infections could kill. Already, infectious diseases are the 3rd leading cause of death in the US and the 2nd across the entire world, and drug resistant superbugs send 2 million Americans to hospitals every year; killing 23,000 of those people. And any bacterium can quickly and easily become multidrug resistant, the leading cause of this being antibiotic misuse in both humans and animals.( "Clinical Infectious Diseases." The Epidemic of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections: A Call to Action for the Medical Community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. UCLA Medical School. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.)

The problem is that antibiotics resistance has become a very big problem in todays society. Antibiotics are no longer effective against certain super-bugs such as MRSA.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing, global problem (World health organisation [WHO], 2016) that has resulted in action from the Department of Health [DH], (2013). in the form of a five year Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Strategy. The AMR strategy running 2013-2018 aims to build international alliances with governments and partners across

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria changes and reduces the effectiveness of an antibiotic. Using the wrong antibiotic for disease-causing bacteria can end in an overuse of that antibiotic and promotes antibiotic-resistance. Information gathered by the Bash the Bug Project can be used to find the correct antibiotic to fight certain disease-causing bacteria. Therefore, limiting bacteria’s opportunity to develop antibiotic-resistance. This is important to the general public because antibiotic-resistant bacterium is more difficult to kill, requires a more expensive treatment, and is given more of an opportunity to spread. While antibiotic resistance cannot be completely stopped, prescribing the correct antibiotic can greatly slow the spread of antibiotic resistance infections. The Bash the Bug project will then allow more time for newer drugs that can fight antibiotic resistant bacteria that are already in

    These are many killers that damage generations, but there is one tiny thing that has caused countless deaths and injuries throughout history -- Superbugs. It caused 700,000 deaths every year, and it was estimated to kill 10 million lives each year by 2050, which would cost over 100 trillion dollars per year and a worldwide economic output reduction of 2% to 3.5%, etc.(Walsh,para2) Surprisingly, superbugs are caused by nothing else but overusing “life-saver”: antibiotics. Thus, we must significantly limit the use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture in order to stop the creation of deadly, drug-resistant “Superbugs.”

Today, whenever a person gets sick, he/she can conveniently go to the doctor's office to get a diagnosis and are typically prescribed a variety of antibiotics or treatments that help you recover quicker. But with the emergence of various diseases such as HIV, cancer, tuberculosis, etc. treatments and modern medicine can do little to combat these viruses. Germs have higher chances to develop a resistance to drugs if they aren't used properly. Specifically germs can adapt and evolve to their environment faster than almost any other organism. Experts estimate that “700,000 people die around the world each year from drug-resistant germs, and they expect the number to grow sharply”(Withnall). In 2016 the United Nations convened for a special session for the fourth time in their history to discuss a health issue that's “the greatest future threat to our civilization” (Withnall).

The overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, “an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society” (2409).

According the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is one of the world’s greatest health threats to date (Haddox, 2013). In the article, The Health Threat of Antibiotic Resistance, Gail Haddox (2013) discusses the danger antibiotic resistance poses in today’s society and strategies to prevent the expansion of antibiotic resistance. In Europe alone, an estimated 25,000 deaths have been attributed to multi-resistant infections (Haddox, 2013). Common infections are now harder to treat due to the increased resistance to antibiotics across the world, in fact some are becoming untreatable. Antibiotics should be treated like oil, a non-renewable resource (Haddox, 2013).

As humans have evolved over time, so too have bacteria, which has led bacteria over the years to develop some resistances to our current arsenal of antibiotics. Doctors have begun to see bacteria that are resistant to our entire realm of antibiotics, which would effectively render them untreatable (Baggaley, 2017). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced in January that one such bacteria contributed to the of death of a woman last September from Washoe County, Nevada (Chen et al., 2017). Keeve Nachman, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore says they are coming across ever-increasing numbers drug-resistant bugs (Baggaley, 2017). This is an alarming trend to say the least, many doctors around the world are calling for direct action on it. Drs. Simon Prasad and Phillippa Smith from the Office of the Chief Scientist in Australia issued a dire warning that we’re on the verge of entering the “post-antibiotics era” (Prasad & Smith, 2014). They fear even the most common infection

The world health organization, which is the firsts global assessment of antimicrobial resistance have studied that antibiotic resistance will become a major threat in the 21st century (1,2, 3, 4, 5). The antibiotic resistance crisis is when an infectious disease has developed in human population to where humans will not be able to find an antibiotic to treat these infectious diseases (2). The antibiotic resistance crisis is a major issue that will cause a risk to human life-span as the years go on; the end to the antibiotic era (2, 3). There are many problems that are associated with this issue such as, the increase of death in certain diseases we have today, in addition to finding a solution that will help tackle this disaster. This crisis would have a devastating cost on human society, the increase of AMR phenotypes among microbes, and finally the large and global connection between human population and pathogens in any environment that are access to all humanity (4,5). Understanding the antibiotic crisis is important because antibiotics are used to help humans in their everyday lives and without it will cause the increase to many diseases and bacteria that live around us and in us.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health, food security and development today, it occurs naturally, but the pace of its process speeds up its abuse when given to humans and animals and it can harm anyone regardless of age and country of residence (Laxminarayan, et al.2013). According to World Health Organization (WHO), there are 700,000 people death every year because of antibiotic resistance (WHO,2016). A study by the Public Health Foundation in England found between 2010 and 2013 that prescription antibiotics increased by 6 percent and Escherichia coli resistance was recorded by 12 percent for the same period. Antibiotic resistance is on the rise to dangerous levels around the world, and new