EEG Monitoring

In the present time, the usage of 24-hour EEG video monitoring have proved many past physicians incorrect about their distinction between true and false seizures. EEG/video of pseudoseizures has revealed that urination, injury, and drug responsiveness may be part of nonepileptic episodes as well as epileptic episodes. As a result, EEG/video has become the gold standard for discriminating between epileptic and nonepileptic attack (Bergen, 154-155). Both clinical observation and EEG/video have reveal that long durations of start-stop pattern, direct actions, and situational triggers are more common in pseudoseizures than in true seizures (Bergen, 154-155). In addition true tonic-clonic seizures with combination of postictal oxygen debt, accumulation of saliva, and reduce level of consciousness are often followed by deep respirations and snoring or stertorous respiratory patterns, however, pseudoseizures lack these characteristics (Bergen, 154-155). The eyes remained open in every tonic-clonic and hypermotor seizures, but were closed in almost 90 percent of pseudoseizures (Bergen, 154-155). The result have shown that it is important to be able to differentiate between pseudoseizure and true seizure, but it is also crucial that physicians be able to find the underlying cause of the seizure as well.

EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain by placing multiple electrodes on the scalp. All the electrodes work instantaneously and produce data in the form of multi-channel time series in real time. These sensors can pick up about thousand data points every second. The electrical activity produced by a brain neuron is too small to be recorded by EEG [11]. An EEG electrode records from a combination of many concentrated neurons. Each EEG channel is calculated by taking the difference between recordings of two electrodes.

The EEG is a test done where electrodes are put on the patient’s head and it will show any abnormal electrical activity due to having epilepsy. If the results come back normal the first time, the doctor may try doing the EEG while the patient is asleep to test for any abnormal activity. They may even request for a sleep-deprived test or an ambulatory EEG.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) – an EEG records electrical activity OF the brains through electrodes affixed to the scalp. People infected with epilepsy frequently have variation in their brain waves, even when they are not having an attack.

Unlike positron emission tomography (PET), MEG does not involve anything entering the patient’s body. Minassian, Otsubo, Weiss, Elliott, Rutka and Snead (1999) used invasive EEG to determine the locations of epileptic spikes in 11 epileptic children. They found that MEG located the same abnormal discharges in 10 of the children. This suggests that MEG is a reliable source for localizing epileptiform sources, and so is more patient friendly procedure because patients do not require any incisions to access the brain surface like they do for invasive EEG. Invasive EEG is frequently used to aid surgery in epileptics, therefore MEG should be considered as a consistent, more comforting alternative that can assist surgery in epileptics. However, the importance in identifying epileptogenic responses is far greater than patient

The cerebral cortex contains huge numbers of neurons. Activity of these neurons is to some extent synchronized in regular firing rhythms known as brain waves. Electrodes placed on the scalp can detect variations in electrical potential that are derived from the underlying cortical activity. The recording of this electrical activity in the brain is known as an electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG waveform contains component waves of different frequencies. The specific brain wave type indicates the type of brain activity occurring. Alpha waves, for example are more synchronous in the occipital region of the brain when a person is awake but relaxed, with his or her eyes closed, and are indicative of a relaxed mental state (Teplan, 2002; Sammler,

Epileptic seizures are classified on the basis of the affected part of brain and the consequent clinical symptomatology [21]. The accepted scheme for clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures was first developed by international league against epilepsy (ILAE) in 1981 and subsequently it was modified in 1985 and 1989 respectively (Commission on Classification and Terminology of the ILAE, 1981, 1985, 1989). As per international classification of epileptic seizures, seizures can be classified into two main types, namely partial and generalized seizures

The epileptic participants were diagnosed by a neurologist/epileptologist following a neurological evaluation which included a clinical interview and electroencephalography (EEG).

‘Epilepsy’ comes from the ancient Greek word which means epilepsia, meaning seizure. According to Epilepsy Foundation of Eastern Pennsylvania, “Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes seizures, which is a change in the normal brain actively.” Seizures which is not a disease resulting from unusual electrical activity in the brain is a significant symptom for epilepsy. Epilepsy seizures last from few seconds to couple of minutes. While all seizures are not related with epilepsy, generalized seizure, Focal seizure, Status epilepticus are significant seizures for epilepsy. Epileptic seizures are formed by abnormal electricity producing from the brain. There are several kinds of epilepsy with different types of seizures. There is no specific age group, race, nationality or social level who are suffers most in epilepsy. People from all ages can affected by epilepsy, specially from two to sixty-five ages are more affected. It is very important for neurologist to early diagnose the type of epilepsy. Patient having multiple epilepsy with variety of seizures, without early diagnosis all of them it is very tough to treatment a patient in an effective way.

To diagnose your condition, your doctor will review your symptoms and medical history. After that the doctor will order several tests to diagnose epilepsy such as, neurological examination, blood test, electroencephalogram(EEG), computerized tomography(CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), positron emission tomography(PET), and other tests may be done.

Epilepsy is a brain disorder classified as a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s electrical and immoderate activity which causes a person to have a seizure. This brain disorder goes back thousands of years to Ancient Greece where these individuals believed that people had seizures, they were being visited by an evil spirit or demon. The word Epilepsy also derives from the ancient Greek word attack. Ancient Greeks also thought that this neurological disorder, Epilepsy, was infectious and for this same matter most of the people that suffered from this disorder lived alone. Now in present day, researchers and scientist know that this is not true and they now know the real factors and things that cause these seizures to occur.

According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper and Bucher, in the United States, it is estimated that more than 3 million people have active epilepsy, with 200,000 new cases diagnosed each year (2014, p. 1419). This is why it is an important disease to understand. According to Lewis et

Therefore, any abnormal electrical brain activity is considered a seizure. Now, let’s discuss what Epilepsy actually is. “Epilepsy is the name of a brain disorder characterized predominantly by recurrent and unpredictable interruptions of normal brain function, called epileptic seizures (Boas et al, 2005)”. In other words, epilepsy is more than one seizure due to abnormal electrical brain activity. There are several types of seizures that can occur that can be broken down into two different categories, focal seizures and generalized seizures. The difference between the two are the areas of the brain that are effected. During a focal seizure, only one part of the brain is affected. This can be further broken down into two categories, partial and complex. During a partial focal seizure, consciousness is not lost. Instead, it may alter how your senses interact with the environment. For

People uneducated about Epilepsy may have confused thoughts on what it really is. People have these "notions," which are partly or entirely not true. So, throughout this research paper, these notions will be proven untrue, mostly by factual information given by

For the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, migraines, and Parkinson’s disease, electrodes used as a responsive system would be placed close to the brain or within the brain tissue. When an episode would arise in the patient, signals from the EEG would be processed in signal conditioning in a control module that has been placed on the patient. Detection of the episode happening sends a response that could stop the neurological event. An electric signal to the electrodes in the brain, a release of medication, or a