Early Detection Of Breast Cancer

Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in one of the milk ducts in the breast, spreads through the wall of the duct and into the fatty tissue of the breast. Once it has spread outside the duct it is possible to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system and blood stream. Some signs and symptoms of invasive ductal carcinoma can include: a lump in the breast tissue or armpit area, redness, thickening, irritation or dimpling, breast pain and or swelling, and nipple changes and or discharge. (American Cancer Society, 2014., National Cancer

Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)

Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have been made in areas of reconstruction after a mastectomy. Breast cancer, the second leading cause of death in women, motivates many women to undergo screening every year and medical advances in 3D screening evolve regularly; though no cure has been

According to the United States Breast Cancer Statistics (2016), in 2016 there will be an estimated 246,660 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer and 61,000 of non-invasive breast cancer among women. For this reason, when studying breast cancer based on a large-scale impact, it not only affects the patient themselves but, as well as their families and communities nationwide. Furthermore, many contributing factors lead to this being such a public health issue. Conclusively, there are specific programs, services, and policies that help to assist the contributing factors of such a public health threat. Nevertheless, breast cancer is still an increasing concern in society, and much-needed research is required to be able to detect and treat this disease.

This paper aims to provide the gaps in our understanding of breast cancer by examining the functions and to enhance our ability to distinguish the anatomy of female human breast. The author also attempts a better understanding of some of the different types of human breast cancer namely: ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. It is hoped that this paper will inform those who do not have the understanding and knowledge about the risk factors, diagnosis, treatments and preventions of the breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death of women, secondary only to heart disease. Breast cancer will affect one of every eight women or approximately 12% of the population. In 2016 there are 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer that will be diagnosed as well as 46,000 cases of breast cancer in situ in women. Additionally, there are 2,600 cases of breast cancer that will be found in men. Breast cancer rates have been decreasing since the year 2000. This is thought to be partially due to increased screening measures as well as discontinuing the use of hormone replacement therapy. There was as positive link established between hormone therapy

Breast cancer constitutes the second most prevalent cancer most common among women of the world with an estimated 1.62 million reported cases in 2012 which constitutes 25% of all cancer cases and ranks fifth among mortality due to cancer (Ferlay et al., 2015). In the United States, according to American Cancer Society an

Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant cells form in the breast tissue. There are many different kinds of breast cancer, which is determined by which cells in the breast that are cancerous. The lobules, ducts, and connective tissue are the three main parts that make up the breast. Most cancer starts in the ducts and lobules with the most common being invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. In invasive ductal the cancer cells grow outside the ducts of the breast into other parts of the breast tissue and may metastasize to other parts of the body. Invasive lobular cancer starts in the lobules of the breast and spreads to the nearby breast tissue or other parts of the body.

ILC comprises 10 % of all invasive carcinoma and it is the second common breast carcinoma but it's difficult in early detection by mammography and accounts for high false negative detection rate in all imaging techniques (Selvi, 2015).

Choose one of the screenings listed in the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventative Services. Evaluate the screening using the following criteria: reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cost-benefit ratio. Discuss any ethical issues associated with this screening.

Medical screening and testing continues to grow and advance every day. These various advances allow us to detect harmful effects on the body such as cancer, much sooner because it allows us to regularly check patients as a precaution. Some screenings are not mandatory; however, having the screening done is very beneficial in detecting early stages of cancer. One of the most common screening among women is mammograms. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women. Early detection is associated with increased survival and annual routine mammogram screening has until recently been recommended to all women aged 40-74 years of age in the United States.1 Overall effectiveness of a mammogram does not only include the

Cancer of the breast is the most common type of non-skin cancer affecting women. It also comes second after lung cancer in the number of deaths among the African-American population in 2017; the American Cancer Society estimated that there would be approximately 252,710 new cases of breast cancer which is considered invasive that will be diagnosed in the United States. More so, nearly 63,410 new cases of (CIS) carcinoma in situ will be detected, and approximately 40,610 women will depart this life as a result of cancer of the breast(Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015).In the United States, the incidence of cancer of the breast is not similar among the African America women and the white. Such that, it has been noted that the

“About 1 in 8 U.S. women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. About 40,000 women in the U.S. were expected to die in 2014 from breast cancer” (“U.S Breast Cancer Statistics”). Breast cancer is an issue that is affecting more and more women each and every day. There are plenty ways that technology and treatment has evolved to help detect breast cancer sooner. Because of the rise in breast cancer cases over the years, many organizations and resources have been created to help patients cope with this disease. Through breast exams, biopsies, different types of therapies, and places to turn to for help, breast cancer patients are able to let out all their emotional and physical struggles with having cancer.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the US for women (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics). Even though the diagnosis and treatment of this condition has improved dynamically over the past few decades, it is still one of the leading causes of mortality among the women in USA and all over the world. There are usually four stages of breast cancer (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics).

Currently, mammography is the main modality used in diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian women and is currently the second leading cause of death among Canadian women (Komen 2015). Breast cancer can occur in men but this is uncommon. According to Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation an estimate in 2015 suggests that 25,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and that 1 in 30 women will die from the cancer. On average in 2015 the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation collected data that estimates 5,000 women will die of breast cancer in Canada annually. However on the brighter side the Canadian