Early Life of Jose Rizal

three founding father Fransisco del Rosario Sanchez and Jose Maria Serra. “La Trinitaria” was a reformist

Any student of history has come to recognize the fact that history is written by the victor and in lieu of this, research becomes essential to uncover where the truth lies. The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, so ironically named, is a personal account for historical events leading up to the conquest of New Spain, formerly known as the City of Mexico. The author, Bernal Diaz, was a soldier of the conquering army who composed the document well after the events took place sometime between 1552 and 1557. Though the document did provide insight in regards to the victor’s perspective, it also served as a tool to rewrite the account of the conquered people.

After ten years of civil war and the death of two of its founders, by early 1820 the independence movement was stalemated and close to collapse. The rebels faced stiff Spanish military resistance and the apathy of many of the most influential criollos. The violent excesses and populist zeal of Hidalgo 's and Morelos 's irregular armies had reinforced many criollos ' fears of race and class warfare, ensuring their grudging acquiescence to conservative Spanish rule until a less bloody path to independence could be found. It was at this juncture that the machinations of a conservative military caudillo coinciding with a successful liberal rebellion in Spain, made possible a radical realignment of the proindependence forces. Vicente Guerror, planned to combine independence, monarchy, the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church, and the civil equality of the creoles and peninsulares.

Throughout history, as we study Spain we can clearly recognize high and low points in their success. In the fifteen hundreds Spain had no influence on European affairs, Spain essentially vanished out of Europe. However, within one complete century Spain had become not only a leading power but they also had a great sense of effectiveness in Europe. Spain experienced a Golden age with many social, economic, political aspects. On the other hand, within

The Mexican Revolution began November 20, 1910, and ended on May 21, 1920. The revolution was against the regime of Porfirio Diaz who reigned for 35 years, after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. and was not a good president in the sense that he failed to support the middle and lower classes of Mexico. It was run by the middle (some in the middle (A very a little amount) and all in the lower classes, and they were all influenced by Francisco I. Madero. Although the lower classes didn’t originally full on oppose Diaz they felt neglected as a people. Madero saw this and sought out to influence the people of the country to revolt, so that they could then shift their views completely. Madero writes the Plan de San Luis Potosi, which was a political document written by Madero to describe how he was wrongly imprisoned by Diaz in order for him to lose the election. Madero also wrote the document to spread new ideas on what democracy was, and how to eradicate corruption in Mexico’s government. With the publication of this document support for Diaz and his presidency easily disappeared eventually causing him to resign. Madero then ran for president and won the election properly. But he only reigned for two years before being assassinated, by none other than the military governors, military, and lower classes because Madera failed to make any change in the social classes. A key factor that lead to his assignation was that the

In Imperial Spain, J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the country, secure the largest transoceanic empire the world has ever known, and for a

According to Spain then and now, (2011), “In contrast to Spain’s startling growth of political power and prestige during the 16th century, the 17th century is commonly seen as one of decline.” Not merely historical hindsight, this view was already articulated in the early 17th century by a group of writers known as arbitristas. They lamented the deterioration of the country, and offered suggestions for both political and especially economic reform. Who recognised the stark contrast between the appearance of imperial greatness and the reality of social and economic problems in their country. Events of the 17th century confirm the foresight of the best of these early political economists. Since then there has been general consensus that Spain

The authors make mention that during the time of revolution Mexico did not have established political leaders, instead people would listen to plans from those with great credibility. Additionally, the authors point out that Mexicans who migrated north of the border maintained their strong culture. The rhetoric they used reflected patterns and practices of Mexico. In the Plan of Ayala, Emiliano Zapata had a document drafted with one of it’s main points being land reform. The authors compared the Plan of Delano to Zapata’s. They describe the first three paragraphs of Delano being almost identical to the Ayala plan. In fact, they mention how Chavez and supporters wore

After explaining the main reason for the revolt, Garner goes on to focus on two of the main arguments opposing his own. Unlike other historians, Garner ascertains that religion and the harsh oppression of the Spanish were not sole causes of the revolt. To build his case, throughout his paper, he compares

Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death.

Bartolomé de las Casas' letter to the Spanish crown produced an almost immediate result, for its requests were fulfilled in the New Laws of the Indies, enacted in 1542.3 Las Casas requested that the natives be relieved of their “bondage,” of which can generally be described as slavery.4 These New Laws contained legislation, in part constructed by Las Casas, which prohibited the abuse of native labor in the Spanish colonies.5 The New Laws also had a purpose to dissolve the encomiendas through their restrictions.6 Unfortunately for Las Casas, there was no immediate success with these laws. In near succession with the passing of the New Laws, Gonzalo Pizarro led a rebellion in 1546, taking place in Peru.7 In this rebellion, Pizarro overthrew Blasco Nuñes Vela, the viceroy of Peru who planned to enforce the New Laws, in a move to protect the rights of the Spaniards.8 A further blow to the New Laws, and to Las Casas, was the viceroy of New Spain, who deliberately did not strictly enforce the New Laws so as to avoid the situation that occurred in Peru.9 These two stipulations, in time, pressured the Spanish crown into diminishing some portions of the New Laws.10

Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico who was responsible for the modernization and industrialization that took place in the country. His motto was paz, orden y progresso, he didn’t want there to be wars in Mexico like there had been in prior years. He wanted there to be change and progress. In order to accomplish paz y orden he was known to be ruthless and crude. Diaz was not going to tolerate disloyalty or disobedience and for those who chose to do it anyways suffered the consequences. For some it would be exile and for others it would be going to work in the haciendas as peones. Furthermore for the first time Mexico had shown its potential and had begun to catch up with a rapidly changing world. The nation’s achievements in technology and culture went on display around the globe at world fairs and expositions in Europe and the United States (Deeds, Meyer & Sherman, p. 347).

Not all of these key goals were accomplished by the policies between 1920 and 1940. While the push for reform slowed down between 1930 and 1934, Cardenas was responsible for policies reflecting several of the aims of the revolution: land redistribution; the promotion of government control over foreign owned companies; the implementation of nationalist policies involving Mexico's oil production; the organization of corporatist structures for trade unions; the nationalization of railways (1938); the adoption of a free and compulsory educational system for all Mexicans; and policies of integration for the indigenous population (Joseph & Buchenau ch. 6). Most importantly, he created the Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM), a political juggernaut that would dominate Mexico for over seventy years. The formation of the PRM, later known as the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), was the greatest consequence of the Revolution on post-1950s Mexico; the PRI had an impact on not only Mexico’s political life, but on life in the countryside and on the migration from rural to urban areas/the U.S. as

Federico Garcia Lorca was born in 1898 and died in 1936, he lived through one of the most troubling times of Spain's history. He grew up in Granada, Spain, and enjoyed the lifestyle and countryside of Spain. His father was a wealthy farmer and his mother was a school teacher and encouraged his love of literature, art, and music. He was an extremely talented man. A respectable painter, a fine pianist, and an accomplished writer. He was close friends with some of Spain's most talented people, including musician Manuel de Falla, and painter Salvador Dali. Lorca was a very liberal man who lived un dictatorship for most of his life. However, in 1931 Spain turned into more of a democracy, and was called "The

The Spanish Civil War is the name given to the struggle between loyalist and nationalist Spain for dominance in which the nationalists won and suppressed the country for the following thirty nine years. However, because of the larger political climate that the Spanish Civil War occurred in, it is impossible to view the war as a phenomenon contained within one nation. Despite its obvious domestic orientation as a civil war it was a major international conflict. The reason for this, I would maintain, is the political dogma which surrounded the war. This essay takes the form of a political survey of the