II. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
I. Introduction:
Close to four decades ago, China’s economy was under centrally-controlled, stagnant and isolated from the global economy. Then everything changed after 1979 when the foreign trade investment and free market reform was implemented. Not long after it was implement China’s become the world 's fastest growing economy and now the largest economy in the world surpassing even United States. Today, China is focusing on a more sustainable growth pattern and implementing changes to industry and economic structure. II. Population:
A. Population Pyramid
In 1979, in order to control the alarming increase of China’s population the “one-child” policy was introduced. When it was first introduce China’s
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In theory the increase of demand for domestic product will lead to increase in China’s economy. The net migration rate is -.39 migrants per 1,000 population. E. Ethnic Groups
91.6% = Han Chinese
1.3 % = Zhuang
7.1 % = other (includes Hui, Manchu, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Tibetan, Mongol, Dong, Buyei, Yao, Bai, Korean, Hani, Li, Kazakh, Dai and other nationalities)
III. Economic statistics and activity
A. Gross National Product, Per Capita Income, Growth rate
Gross National Product
34367.30 CNY HML (2014)
583196.70 CNY HML (2013)
GDP - purchasing power parity: $17.62 trillion US dollars (2014 est.)
$16.41 trillion US dollars (2013 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
7.4% (2014 est.)
7.8% (2013 est.)
GDP – per capita (PPP):
$12,900 US dollars (2014 est.)
$12,000 Us dollars(2013 est.)
B. GINI Index
C. Mineral Wealth
China has abundant mineral resources. To date, 171 kinds of minerals was discovered, and 158 was proven as reserves. The reserve includes 54 metallic mineral such as copper, coal, iron, aluminum, mercury, zinc, and lead; 91 nonmetallic mineral resources such as sulfur, phosphorus and graphite; water and gas mineral resources such as mineral water, underground water, petroleum and natural gas. To date, the resources supply 92% of China’s primary energy. D. Transportation System
Rail is the major mode of transportation in China. As of 2014, the railway line covered a total length of 191,270 kilometers
Since the reform and opening up, the economy of China grows significantly, as an emerging economy, China's economy has made tremendous contributions to the global economy, and Renminbi has become one of the most important currency in the world. According to the survey conducted by China National Bureau of Statistics found that from 1979 to 2012, China has attained an annual average growth rate of 9.8% for its national economy, while the annual average growth of the world economy is only 2.8 % during the same period. In past 30 years, China's GDP surpassed Japan’s, China became the world 's second largest economy, in addition, the huge total volume of trade makes China become the world 's largest trading nation. The contribution of China’s
There has been a long history of China’s one child policy, since it was first introduces in 1979 by a Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping (Rosenberg n.p). The law was meant to be temporary and used to control the population; however it is still in use today (Rosenberg n.p). When the policy was first enforced, it only
What is important to understand the One Child Policy is the reasoning behind it and what spurred the Chinese government to do something so drastic. When Mao Zedong’s communist rule was in full
It is well- known that China has a rapid economic growth over the past three decade. In order to cope with fast changing economy, the China’s labor market has experienced a significant transition from central-controlled labor market to more market-oriented labor market. This was primarily due to the growing importance of private enterprises and foreign investments, and the reform of state-owned enterprises (Chan & Peng, 2011). The new market-oriented market has stimulated the total employment from 170.4 million people been employed in 1990 to 293.5 million people in 2007(NBS, 2007). The growth of employment can be attributed to the generally improved employment conditions since the new labor laws introduced more stringent health and safety standards, as well as minimum wages (Allard & Garot, 2010).
The one-child policy in China came about in 1979; it refrains families from having more than one child. The reason the government felt the need to institute this policy was because the population of China was growing so rapidly that they had to do something to stop
Since the introduction of the reforms of 1978, Chinese economy has been growing at a sustainable and a fast rate as compared to the pre reform
China is generally an economically developed country. The massive economic growth started in the late 1970s and has continued up to date. The early years before 1970 were marked with low income levels and the consumption rate of products was not high. The current economic growth is unique and remarkable owing to the fact that it covers a wide geographical location. The China coastal regions have contributed to a large extent the vast economic growth due to the large quantity of export products that translate to income. The Central and Western regions have also been up to task as far as economic growth is concerned. (Brandt,2009)
Throughout the world, there are many nations and regions that have undergone immense changes to reach their modern positions in the international economy. One such location is China, which experienced a major shift from a society revolved around independent sustenance in the agricultural industry into a society revolved around socialism, direct funding for the Chinese government through the Chinese people, and the mass-production of goods with high demand in the global market by co-operatives. Of course, the changes in the workings of the Chinese economy developed from the changes in the politics of China. On the 1st of October 1949, The People’s Republic of China was founded in Beijing. The founding of the party both marked the end of what is today considered by historians the most profound revolutionary upheaval in modern history, in which the Guomindang Party rose to power in China, issued many different currencies, and was unable to control inflation, food shortages, and exponentially occurring price fixations; as well as the beginning of the tides of socialism in China in the 20th century, which caused the contemporary Chinese economic transformation. The Chinese economic transition from a centrally-planned economy and agrarian society to a market economy and unified, socialist society was ultimately caused by the three Five-Year Plans adopted by the growing Chinese Communist Party, which were stable and beneficial outlines for the Chinese regime because they developed
Since the economic reform, China’s economy system was able to create a rapid growth of the economy, turning China into one of the world 's largest economies. As a communist state, the country has implemented a socialist market economy, which is based on the control by the state and an open-market economy.
Since opening up its market to foreign trade and free market returns in 1979, China has been one of the fastest growing economies, with GDP growth averaging nearly 10% through 2014. China is a major global economic leader, and is the world’s largest economy (purchasing power), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves .
In the 21st century, the competition between diverse countries is increasing extremely intense. With the rise of the third world, as the biggest part of it, China’s influence in economy has become a controversial issue due to the prosperity of economy. To be more specific, China became the second-largest economy in 2011(McCurry,J and Kollewe J,2011).And in recent years, according the data in the bar chart below, China GDP’s is growing rapidly and the growth rate is staying between 7% and 8% before 2015. At the same time, because of the development of economic globalization, the relationship between different countries is getting closer and closer, especially in the world trade. Therefore, although China has already slowed down the step to
Fourth largest country in the world, China makes up almost the entire East Asian Landmass. China’s 9,596,960 square kilometers in total area, features the highest and one of the lowest points in the world. Nearly 70% of China is made of mountains, hills, or plateaus (Defense, 2010). China has 23 providences and 4 Municipalities. China is also home to more than 3,400 islands. China’s climate reflects what one might think coming from such a large mass of land. The cold Siberian air coming from the north and tropical air masses coming from the south create bipolar conditions. China is home to many rivers, most notably being the, “Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) literally translated as “Long River,” the Chang Jiang, at 6,300 km (3,915 mi), is Asia’s longest river and the third longest in the world” (Defense, 2010). China has 20 of the 30 most polluted cities in the world, according to the World Bank (Defense, 2010). Consequently, the Chinese government has made pollution control a high priority
Fourth largest country in the world, China makes up almost the entire East Asian Landmass. China’s 9,596,960 sq km in total area, features the highest and one of the lowest points in the world. Nearly 70% of China is made up of mountains, hills, or plateaus. (Defense, 2010) China has 23 providences and 4 Municipalities. China is also home to more than 3,400 islands. China’s climate reflects what one might think coming from such a large mass of land. Cold Siberian air coming from the north and tropical air masses coming from the south create bipolar conditions. China is home to many rivers, most notably being the, “Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) literally translated as “Long River,” the Chang Jiang, at 6,300 km (3,915 mi), is Asia’s longest river and the third longest in the world” (Defense, 2010). China has 20 of the 30 most polluted cities in the world, according to the World Bank (Defense, 2010). The Chinese government has made pollution control a high priority and even made efforts to cut carbon intensity levels in half, but according to the Defense Language Institute Foreign
After market reforms where announced in the late 1970s by Deng Xiaoping (paramount leader), China has been among the most rapidly growing economies in the world. Although having serious natural resource scarcity this growth has been speared headed through 80% of china’s exports are manufactured goods making china heavily dependant on international markets (export-led) . The Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP) of china in 1962 was at record lows of 130.14 USD, since market reforms, China regularly exceeding 10% GDP growth annually (figure 1) and was last recorded at 6416.18 US dollars in 2015 .
China consist mostly of East Asian landmass, and it contains over 22,000 km (13,670 mi) bordering with 14 other countries. It is the fourth largest country in landmass with 9,596,690 sq km (3,705,303 sq mi). Almost 70% of the country is covered by mountains, hills, or plateaus. Most of the agricultural of China is located in eastern and southern part of the country. China is divided into 23 provinces, 4 municipalities, 2 Special Administrative Regions. China can also be divided into 8 different