Educating Children With Essential Cognitive Development

    According to Erikson’s first stage of development, “Trust vs. Mistrust” begins as soon as the infant is born. Erikson believe that when an infant is first born, they must learn how to trust others. In other words, their parents are the ones who are suppose to

This Trust vs. Mistrust crisis occurs during the first year and a half of life with hope being the basic virtue once the stage is successfully completed (McLeod, 2013). When a sense of trust is developed, the infant will know that if a new crises arises, their needs will be met by the outside world. These physical and emotional needs include: being fed when hungry, kept warm and dry, allowed undisturbed sleep, protection from disease and injury, and receive adequate stimulation (Hutchison,

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial stage is trust vs. mistrust, which is experienced, in the first year of life. Infants learn to trust in order to satisfy their needs thus developing a feeling of self-worth. When infants receive inconsistent care they

The community experience that I will be focusing on for this part is NWCC daycare. The age range of the children at NWCC Daycare are 13 months to 5 years old. The two Piaget stages of development that were present in most of the children at the daycare are sensorimotor and preoperational. The three Erikson’s stages of development that were present in the children at the daycare are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and initiative vs. guilt.

The developmental theories can not be more evident than during the out of class assignment at the daycare facility. During this independent assignment, I was able to observe and interact with pre-school children in an environment that is both encouraging and facilitating to a child’s developmental growth. So, just as Piaget in his developmental theory believed that children takes an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world; the pre-school teachers allowed them to do just that. Indeed, the teachers at the day care provided room for the child to learn and explore while at the same time adhering to a structure that set boundaries and limitations. Thus, the pre-school children, begrudgingly, learns to follow a meticulous schedule of activities and rest.

| Development of basic trust, a derivative of the positive attachment between the infant and the primary caretaker, occurs during the first year. This is a cornerstone of emotional development. (0 - 1) Ability to control oneself in a given environment. Developing rudimentary selfconcept - displaying pleasure at being ‘good‘, yet shame, upset, distress and embarrassment at being ‘bad’. (1 - 3) Initially no moral development, as baby but shows needs by crying, cooing, smiling etc. (0-1). No understanding of right or wrong, starts to understand yes/ no. Can have tantrums and sudden mood changes,

Trust vs. Mistrust- During this stage the infant is uncertain about the world in which they

Erikson’s eight stages of development are trust vs. mistrust, Industry vs. Inferiority and Identity vs. Role Confusion. Stage one is Trust vs. mistrust – birth to age 1- At this stage the infant learns to trust the caregiver to provide for their basic needs or develops mistrust. Stage two is Autonomy vs. shame and doubt– 1-3yrs- At this stage toddlers begin to express their independence by talking, walking, dressing, feeding, and toileting

Social Development is learning how to effectively relate to one another and how to contribute to society in a positive way. Erik Erikson believed that social development occurs in identifiable stages. Erikson said that each stage was marked by a crisis or conflict that was related to a specific developmental task. These stages are infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, elementary school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Trust or mistrust is developed during the first year of life, based on if a child’s needs are being met. During the second stage, the crisis is autonomy vs shame and doubt. If a toddler can control their actions and act independently, a sense of autonomy is formed. If or when they fail at this they will experience shame and doubt. In the preschool stage, initiative and guilt are the crisis. If a preschooler receives what they want while acting responsibly, they develop a sense of initiative. If they do not have a sense of guilt, they become undisciplined.

Although infancy may seem too early to worry about self-esteem, infancy is a prime time that can affect a person’s well-being throughout their entire life. An infant begins to develop trust and the understanding of self and independence. Erik Erikson described the first year of life by the trust versus mistrust stage of development, and autonomy versus shame and doubt in the second year. Because infants face a world that is less secure after following a life of regular protection in the mother’s womb, infants must learn trust when they are cared for in a consistent nurturing manner. If an infant is not cared for on a consistent basis, then a sense of mistrust is likely to develop.

During my first two years of life, we still resided in Texas and my mom had my brother Ira by August of the following year. I don’t remember much about this time in my life, but according to Erikson’s developmental theory, birth to one year marks a time of the developing trust or mistrust (Berger, 2014). This is a time that I would have figured out who I could trust to satisfy my basic needs and comfort or develop mistrust about my care giver. I believe I trusted my mom and immediate family because that is what I was told. Erikson believes that when a child reaches approximately between the ages of 1 to 3 years of age, they are challenged with autonomy versus shame and doubt (Berger, 2014). These children either become self-sufficient or doubt that they can accomplish a particular task. According to my parents I accomplished all the milestones (walked, talked and feed

There are many different things that shape the cognitive development of children. To begin with cognitive development is when a child develops how to process, solve problems, and start making decisions. Once they have learned this they take everything they have learned into their adolescence. An example, of what can shape the cognitive development of a child can be an educational game. Educational games can be very useful in shaping a child’s development because they are having fun while learning at the same time and what kid doesn’t like to play games, the fact that it is even educational makes it even better for them. Not only are they having fun but there are many different games that help in different categories of development in

The first year of an infant’s life can be a time of great joy and learning, developmental growth physically, mentally and emotionally while providing an opportunity for parents to ensure their infant’s needs are being met. In 1965 Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial growth stages beginning with Stage 1, ‘trust vs. mistrust’, which occurs from birth and throughout the first year of an infant’s life (Candlin 2008, p.76).

In his theory of development, Erikson suggests that a child develops a blend of trust and mistrust during the first year of his/her life if he/she receives consistent and healthy care. Therefore, a child needs warm, attentive, consistent, and predictable care in order to develop trust during the initial eighteen months of his/her life. Kim's

Researchers have identified the importance of interplay in the healthy development of cognition and social development (Biro, Alink, Huffmeijer, Bakermans‐Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2015). Engaging in daily interaction will allow infants to mimic and learn socialization, this will influence the way that toddlers and young children engage with peers and caregivers throughout their childhood (Biro, Alink, Huffmeijer, Bakermans‐Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2015). Learning to connect with others will encourage individuality, cognition and social skills that can only be learned by experience. Researchers conclude that caregivers and parental figures prove invaluable to developing a healthy attachment with effective social-emotional experiences (Biro, Alink, Huffmeijer, Bakermans‐Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2015). Middle childhood, cognitive development throughout childhood is a valuable process that will allow children to flourish both independently and within peer groups (Burger, K., 2009). Scrutinizing diverse social backgrounds and educational availability, researchers have identified long and short term effects in the cognitive development of children (Burger, K., 2009). Data supports that the higher quality of both education and social activity is beneficial to the overall development of an individual, it is important to acknowledge that the quality need not equate to fiscal quality, as it is the time and energy that is given to a child