Effects Of Rotenone

Protecting the environment from toxic contaminants such as pesticide, herbicide, and other Solvents are vital to the survival of the inhabitants of the respective environment. This is important because such contaminants, when released into the environment can create devastating health problems such as cancer in humans. This paper will evaluate three of the many carcinogenic chemicals that have the propensity to cause cancer and other health problems. Therefore, the paper will evaluate Agent Orange, DDT, and Benzene.

What has been brought to light in recent years is the effects of these chemicals on the body’s immune response. By introducing these toxic chemicals into the body, the potency of the immune system is compromised. More commonly than not, the body’s magnificent defense system will kick in and destroy foreign invaders but all it can take is an overwhelming amount of chemicals to slow or even shut down the body’s response systems. A large amount of these types of chemicals introduced into the body at one time would be considered acute toxicity and could even cause death. Additionally, a small amount of these poisonous substances brought into the body over a long period would be considered chronic toxicity and can have detrimental effects on the body’s natural response (Hoernschemeyer 55-57). This information is startling enough to want to make a change from conventionally grown food to pesticide-free organic

The LC50 of insecticides rotenone and pirimicarb were compared by testing blowfly, blowfly larva, woodlice and daphnia. Rotenone is a NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor causing death by oxidative stress however pirimicarb causes toxicity through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was found that rotenone had large toxic effects on daphnia, blowflies and woodlice but not maggots and pirimicarb had low toxic effects on all of the organisms tested. Due to the low percentage death caused by pirimicarb a LC50, however in rotenone a LC50 was performed for daphnia, woodlice and blowfly the LC50 for each organism was compared concluding

Protecting the environment from toxic contaminants such as pesticide, herbicide and other Solvents are vital to the survival of the inhabitants of the respective environment. This is important because such contaminants, when released into the environment can create devastating health problems such as cancer in humans. This paper will evaluate three of the many carcinogenic chemicals that have the propensity to cause cancer and other health problems. Therefore, the paper will evaluate Agent Orange, DDT, and Benzene.

The purpose of this course is to provide the fundamental knowledge of the effects of environmental chemicals on living systems, and the toxic responses of the human and plant systems. Students will discuss risk, ethics, and social responsibility with regard to environmental toxicology.

To understand pesticides, we must look at the facts about them. According to the EPA, pesticides are chemicals specifically designed and sold to prevent, destroy, or repel pests from garden, greenhouses, fields, and orchards (Learn About Chemicals Around Your House). Charlotte Gerber’s article, How Do Pesticides Kill Bugs, explained that pesticides targets insects and kills them by attacking the nervous system and then when the muscles are over-stimulated, this will lead to paralysis and death. The effect of the organophosphates that cause that in pesticides was discovered in the 1930's during World War II. They were used in the creation of nerve gas, which was used in chemical warfare. When used in lethal dosages for humans, organophosphates cause extreme excitability, convulsions, paralysis and in most cases, death (Gerber). According to Effects of Pesticides on Human Health, The World Health Organization estimates that there are 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each year and up to 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing countries (Lah and Glibert 2011). Children, and any other young and developing organisms, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of pesticides. Even very low levels of exposure during development may have adverse health effects. Exposure can even lead to neurological health effects such as memory loss, loss of

Conduct studies on food, air, water and soil to determine how they are altered when coming into contact with medicines, garden chemicals and industrial chemicals

Symptoms of pesticide poisoning are often deceptively misdiagnosed as flu or allergies. Other problems associated with the use of chemicals include headaches, nausea, fever, breathing difficulties, high blood pressure, and temporary paralysis. The National Academy of Sciences reports that at least one out of seven people are significantly harmed by pesticide exposure each year (American Defender Network, 1989). Unfortunately, due to the high costs of inspection, tests for pesticide poisoning are rarely performed.

The article details the effects of the toxins on California sea lions, based on a study consisting of scanning 30 of the sea lions’ brains. The scan picked up damage to the hippocampus, which is a part of the brain mainly associated with navigation and the formation of memories. Due to the damage, the hippocampus and the thalamus (the part of the brain associated with motor skills and sensory cues) cannot fully communicate with one another, which makes it harder for the sea lions to find food and escape from predators.

weighs 70 kg. These results do not account for the levels of toxicity in women,

Children are less likely to experience aslow heart rate, sweating, muscle tremors or tear production, but are more likely toexperience lethargy, muscle weakness, constricted pupils, excessive production of saliva,seizures, or coma. Other, more severe conditions such as intermediate syndrome andOrganophosphate-Induce Delayed Neuropathy (OPIDN) can occur at very high exposurelevels (Gervais et.al, pp. 3-4).4. Dose-Response AssessmentIn the laboratory, rats and rabbits were exposed to varying levels of Malathion todetermine its effects. Death occurred in rats at levels 1,000-12,500 mg per kilogram ofbody weight when ingested. When placed on the skin, death occurred at 2000 mg/kg orgreater. When inhaled, death occurred at greater than 5.2 mg/L. As these figures arebased on body weight and lung capacity, death in humans would require significantlyhigher exposures, which is why the EPA considers Malathion to be low or very low intoxicity (Gervais et.al, pp. 2-3).Five humans ingested Malathion (voluntarily) at 0.23mg/kg/day for 47 days, andshowed no notable reduction in the activity of AChE. When the dose was increased to0.34mg/kg/day for 56 days, all five volunteers showed signs of reduced activity of AChEtwo weeks after the experiment began. The highest amount of AChE reduction was 25%,which was recorded up to 3 weeks after the end of the experiment. The inhalation trialsincluded doses of 5.3, 21.0, and 85.0 mg/m3 for one hour, twice a day for 42 consecutivedays. The volunteers reported eye and nose irritation for 5-10 minutes following thebeginning of exposure, but no reduction in AChE activity was found (Gervais et.al, p.5).Fish and rats were

The significance of the study is to show how different drugs, or chemicals could the central nervous system of the flatworms. It examines the effects of depressants and stimulants in the presence of light on the central nervous system. Flatworms are known as one of the simplest worm groups. They can be free living or parasitic. They can be found under rocks, springs, and streams. Flatworms are very small and thin to be seen. They exhibit a bilateral symmetry. Flatworms have one of the simplest nervous system among other species with two nerves that are running down the body on either side of the flatworm. Its nervous system contains two simple brains known as ganglia,

Barzee, M. A. (1973). Physiological and biochemical factors related to the differential toxicity of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and coast fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia Fisch & Mey). (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44690

These chemicals were ingested by animals causing the chemicals to enter the food chain. These chemicals are carried up from animal to animal and even make their way to humans causing damage genetically. These chemicals killed numerous species of animals and went on to harm humans as well. The idea that this chemical could be thought of as safe but ends of being so harmful is hard to believe, but once again shows how the ignorance of humanity gives humans a false sense of safety that is not actually in the real world.

The scarlet letter is the Puritan’s method of broadcasting Hester’s sin to the world, but it also has an internal effect on Dimmesdale. Puritanism is a strict religion where pleasure is strictly forbidden and is punishable. When Hester Prynne is discovered to have committed adultery, she is forced to wear a scarlet A, which is short for ‘adultery’. When this is first revealed, Hester stands in the jail carrying baby Pearl and, with the people jeering, is asked by Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale if she would tell the world who the Pearl’s father is; Dimmesdale is relieved when the answer is ‘no’– and it is later revealed that Dimmesdale is the father. Over the course of the novel, Dimmesdale’s