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Emotive Presence Inventory

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III. Description of Instrument Of the “big three” questionnaires within presence measurement, the ITC-SOPI displays greater methodological concern can at all levels of its development than both the SUS and the PQ. Its use of factor analysis post-experimentation on a sample of much higher variability (in both age and SES) and nearly quadruple in number to its nearest competitor provides the instrument with considerable statistical power (Lessiter, Keogh, & Davidoff, 2001). However, of the 13 initial content areas from which all items and eventually the 4 primary factors were drawn (sense of space, involvement, attention, distraction, control and manipulation, realness, naturalness, perception of time, awareness of behavioral responses, sense of social interaction, personal relevance, arousal, and negative effects) , one content area important to common conceptualizations of presence was lacking: emotional investment. (Lessiter, Keogh, & Davidoff, 2001). The PQ contains items related to the emotional investment of VEs (item number 3, 23, 25, and 26) that were shown to positively correlate with total PQ score (Witmer & Singer, 1998). I make no claim that emotional investment is somehow central to concept of presence; it seems clearly demonstrable that more mundane acts of presence, like driving a car, require no emotional investment from an agent. However, a small amount of support exists in both the literature and the common understanding of the term to be worth

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