Introduction The European Union (EU), which began through the integration of six member states in 1951, welcomed its latest member, Croatia, in 2013, effectively bringing its total to twenty-eight members (Verdun, July 23, 2015). The first EU enlargement occurred in 1973, when the UK, Ireland, and Denmark joined the union. Since then, four major enlargements have taken place, despite the long-existent controversies regarding the possible value or downfalls of the expansion of the union. With over twenty more countries within the continent as possible candidates, especially as many express interest of joining, it is highly possible that efforts for further enlargement may be made in the future. The question, however, is whether EU …show more content…
Of high concern, is whether the union can accommodate more diversity. Respecting and protecting minorities for the EU has been an ongoing challenge. Anti-immigration is a common phenomenon, and although efforts have been made to increase acceptance, it is a challenge that may be further induced as new member states join. The candidacy of Turkey, for example, has resulted to increased anti-Muslim attitudes. It is therefore questionable whether EU should pursue further enlargement in the near future, or whether it should first address the internal challenges it is currently facing prior to greater expansion. Background Economic Implications for Pre-Existing and New Member States Many studies exploring the implications of further EU enlargement focus on the possible economic consequences. From liberal perspective further enlargement would mutually benefit all the member countries economically (Cohn, 2012). Often, it is argued that new members joining the union are positively affected, whereas pre-existing countries suffer financial losses (Neueder, 2003). However, studies suggest that although new members experience the most economic benefits by gaining membership, pre-existing members are positively impacted as well. Epstein argues that EU membership has greatly benefited Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in economic
Out of the 28 members of the EU, there is ought to be a country with a weaker economy. Based off of Nauro F. Campos, Fabrizio and Luigi Moretti’s research, countries that recently joined (2004) the EU like Portugal, Czech Republic and Hungary now has an economy much higher than their synthetic GDP. Which is the predicted GDP if they didn’t join the EU (Doc B). This information proves that the EU does actually work economically as countries in the organization by improving their economy and supporting them. Another example of this economic growth is Poland. According to Mitchell A. Orenstein, the Polish economy had been growing “rapidly” for 20 years. At more than 4% a year. He also stated that some German industries are able to produce goods in Poland for cheaper than China. These examples show how the EU is able to support its members economically and still benefit the stronger members at the same time. Benefiting both sides brings peace in between the countries, which brings me to this last
The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 different countries. It consists of about half a billion citizens, and its combined economy represents about 20 percent of the world’s total economy (Briney, 2015). Today The European Union works as a single market, with free movement of people, goods and services from one country to another. There is a standard system of laws to be followed, and since 1999 many countries share a single currency called the Euro (Europa.eu, 2015). This essay will explore the background history of the European Union and the benefits and drawbacks of the European Union.
Since 1950 European Union (EU) was created it has promoted peace, prosperity and values among the member nations and its neighbouring countries. EU’s influential tools, has helped transform many European states into functioning democracies and prosperous countries. EU’s membership has grown from 6 to 28 countries (Enlargement, 2014), satisfying a historic vow to integrate the continent bringing in most states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by peaceful ideals.EU has anticipated the enlargement as an extraordinary opportunity to endorse political strength and economic success in Europe. EU’s extension policy is open to any European state that fulfils the EU’s political and financial criteria for membership; still the political process of inclusion of new state requires a unanimous agreement from all the existing 28 member states. Europe is considered to be more flourishing and safer place due to the promotion of democracy, anti-corruption policy and the single market policy.
In considering the international realm, let’s consider the concept of economic treaties. Specifically, let's think about an organization like the European Union (EU). Why was it formed? In addition, what are some of the objectives of the nations that are joining the EU?
When the EU takes on more countries, the differences between the nations and the people in them become more expansive. WIth more cultures and countries to work with, cooperation between the EU becomes difficult. This can be easily shown in the quote, “With all this unifying going on, one of the more delicate issues facing the new Europe is how to create a common foundation without carpeting over the continent’s rich tapestry of peoples, languages, cuisines, and cultures (Doc F).” The EU is struggling with uniting the EU as a whole, while maintaining the properties of that country that make it so unique. This can be a problem in keeping the identity of these countries. Another piece of evidence is the quote “European culture is a bouquet de fleurs,’[bouquet of flowers]...’Together they are beautiful. But the rose is still a rose, and the tulip is a tulip. This must be preserved (Doc F).” Herr Eisenhauer meant by the quote, that Europe is beautiful together, but each country must maintain its own
In considering the international realm, let’s consider the concept of economic treaties. Specifically, let's think about an organization like the European Union (EU). Why was it formed? In addition, what are some of the objectives of the nations that are joining the EU?
Part of the exceptional nature of the EU stems from the notion that nothing like it has ever been attempted successfully before. The European Union is an international institution with a single market and shared currency. It strives to maintain singular goals and make its way towards being an “ever closer union”. Today, the European Union has expanded to include twenty-eight member countries with an influence that reaches every continent. This institution has had an impressive history, but it has reached a point of concern. The golden years which held high hopes of a united supranational Union are long over. The EU faces destructive problems today, which could ultimately end their impressive era of cooperation. The Union has come
The establishment of the EU was in the works starting from 1945, the end of the Second World War. The United Kingdom started the process of joining the EU in 1969, finally joining the community on January 1st 1973 along with Denmark and Ireland. The official establishment of the European Union as we know it today was on November 1st, 1993 in Maastricht, Netherlands. When England joined the EU, the European Parliament increased its influence in affairs so that all citizens could elect the members of parliament directly. Currently there are 28 members of the European Union, but with the recent developments of brexit, it seems as though the UK might make it so there are only 27 members of the EU. Not only was the European Union established to get rid of war, but with it’s establishment also came a new currency that many members of the EU began to use. From its establishment also came the Banking Union, which ensures safer and more reliable banking to prevent economic crisis like the one that occurred in 2010. As hoped for, the EU also hugely improved international trade and made the EU the top trading partner for 80 countries and the world’s largest manufacturers for goods and services. Free international trade is also the basis for the establishment
On 25 March 2017, the European Union will celebrate the 60th anniversary of its existence. Nevertheless, the European Council and the presidents of the twenty seven member states are aware that it is not a perfect union.
The current international system is characterized by growth in globalization hence regional integration is becoming a common phenomenon in most parts of the world. As a result of states becoming more interconnected, most of them have opted for regional integration so as to enhance trade between states thus boosting economies of the states as well as the regions as a whole. Besides free trade, regional integration has seen to it the elimination of trade barriers, free movement of goods and people across borders, regional co-operation in issues to do with peace and security within the regions among various other benefits of regional integration. One of the regions that has grown as a result of regional integration is the European Union (EU), which is an economic and political partnership composed of 28 European countries. This paper will focus on the EU and give a theoretical analysis of the Brexit while giving lessons of integration and liberalization based on the Brexit.
The European Union (EU) is not a typical international organization. The mix of intergovernmental and supranational institutions makes the EU a unique, distinctive political, and economic system. As Europe has spiraled from one crisis to the next, difficult discussions haves arisen about how much more power should be delegated to Brussels. Even though the EU advocates for “ever closer union”, through increased integration, states are becoming hesitant to relinquish power to the EU. This is due to the fact that state sovereignty has become threatened; it is being compromised by a combination of the lack of effective democratic institutions and the loss of states have lost control of law-making to legislation power to EU institutions. Euroenthuthiasts argue that state sovereignty is enhanced, not threatened, by reallocating power to EU institutions. However, Eurosceptics dispute that too much control has seceded to the EU making is a threat to state sovereignty. My position aligns with Eurosceptics, for the EU has weakened state sovereignty do to increased centralization of power in EU institutions that lack legitimacy. The European Project has obtained a copious amount of jurisdiction from states and eroded a basic fundamental freedom of the modern state- sovereignty. Since the EU has with goals to deepen and widen integration it’s clear that forfeiting state sovereignty will only intensify. My essay will start with a brief history of the European Union and a short
This literature review provides evidence of the research conducted in order to increase the knowledge regarding the topic in question: the EU enlargement. The paper analyses, first of all, the why and how of the European Union enlargement. Starting from outlining the main reasons of the European integration and its benefits, as well as the perspectives of the controversial issues that the European integration presents. In particular, the difficulties of agreeing which country should join the monetary union and the numerous problems that the enlargement brings to the other European states, taking into account the major changes that the monetary union bring. The literature review closes with the question: how big the European integration should be, as well as the numerous critical appraisals and the solutions that different authors propose. In order to demonstrate and give an overview of the research made regarding of the EU enlargement.
Recently, the World Bank characterized the EU as a “Convergence machine” based on successive enlargements that leads to significant upward convergence in wealth between poorer and richer member states (Gill, Raiser 2012). We should therefore not be astonished that EU membership remains attractive to nearly all non-EU states within Europe. On the one hand, it is difficult to deny that EU enlargement promises benefits for everyone involved. For example, it brings most notably economic benefits but also political and social benefits. On the other hand, the EU’s ‘take-it-or-leave-it’ approach unnecessarily chases member states (hereinafter PMs) with accepting either the costs of being an outsider, or the costs of modifying their norms and values to fulfill with the EU. Of course, such external pressure is not regretful in all cases such as when minorities are being mistreated. However, PMs
The European Union played a very important role in transforming post-communist countries into democratic states with functioning market economies and the rule of law. The massive transfer of institutional and legal know-how from member
Relations between Turkey and European integration institutions began with Turkey’s application for associate membership in the European Economic Community(EEC) in 1959. Turkey applied for full membership in the EEC in 1987 but did not gain candidate status until 1999. Since 1999, relations between Turkey and the European Union (EU) have gained momentum, and Turkey’s EU accession negotiations began in 2005. Since that time, discussions about the implications of Turkey’s prospective EU membership have become more serious and extensive in both Turkey and the EU.the potential advantages and drawbacks of Turkey’s EU membership for both Turkey and the EU. It considers economic, social, political, and security factors. When the enlargement