Environmental Planning And Restoration Section

In “New Axioms for Reading the Landscape: Paying Attention to Political Economy and Social Justice,” Don Mitchell incorporates old ideas from Peirce F. Lewis’s original “Axioms for Reading the Landscape.” At the same time, Mitchell includes new ideas into his axioms. In Axiom 1, he explains that “the landscape is not produced through ‘our unwitting autobiography’ (as Lewis describes it), but as an act of (social, not individual) will” (2007, 34). He also stresses the idea that landscape should be produced as a commodity. In contrast, Neil Smith explains the main causes behind gentrification. Smith explains how gentrification happens through a process which he calls “rent gap” (1979, 545). In gentrification, the landscape is a commodity because it loses and gains monetary value through disinvestment and investment.

Urban sustainability is the idea that an urban area can be organised without excessive reliance on the surrounding countryside and be able to power itself with renewable sources of energy. The aim of this is to create the smallest possible environmental footprint and to produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible, to efficiently use land, compost used materials, recycle it or convert waste-to-energy, and to make the urban area overall contribution to climate change minimal. Therefore allowing the next generations and future generations to have the required resources without compromising them. However sustainably needs to focus also on other issues such as crime and economic factors.

Ecosystems can be restored by retaining and restoring the ecological sustainability of watersheds, forests, and rangelands for present and future generations.

Restoration ecologists study the ecological communities before humans had any interaction with it. The importance of this study is that if the ecosystem can’t function we are able to do something about it.

The Eco-City Charter serves as a document to guide City leaders and residents towards a more sustainable, holistic, and healthy environment (City of Alexandria, 2010). Ecologically, the charter ensures that all parts of the natural and built environments work together as a single ecological system; economically, it ensures a healthy economy that supports and sustains people and the environment in which they live over the long-term; and socially; it ensures that a community meets residents’ basic needs and has the resiliency to prevent and/or address problems in the future (City of Alexandria, 2010).

The central point that I acquired from this article by Teju Cole is that We as Americans should focus on making a difference from closer to home. Cole interlaces his background into many ideas that he presents throughout the article, and it helps the readers understand a different point of view, especially with the specificities of foreign policy. Cole mentions that people who want to modify Africa should start by using their power to establish and dominate theories that are already put into place. For instance, as Nigeria being one of the oil suppliers, during the events of Kony2012, as Cole mentions, the government only cared about the supply of oil rather than Nigeria protest.

I signed up to take AP Environmental Science this year because I was more interested in taking it than expanding on solely biology or chemistry. This course includes several different fields of study which is why I thought it would be very interesting and I would learn about several subjects compared to just one. Before completing any work for this course, my definition of environmental science would have been, the study of elements of the environment such as climate, soil, and water. I also would have thought that the term environmentalism meant simply protecting the environment. The difference between environmental science and environmentalism is that environmental science is the study of the environment which runs more tests and experiments

Environmental Restoration Planner Details- Environmental Restoration Planners analyze data and they communicate with others to reserve wildlife area. They want to protect the environment and restore places that are in need of environmental restoration. The average annual salary in Fort Collins is 73,000 dollars.

elaborate on this point: “Although parks and reserves remain the focus of urban nature conservation, private gardens offer an extensive, unique and undervalued resource for enhancing urban biodiversity” (p. 95). These urban green spaces help to mitigate the detrimental impacts of urbanization. Indeed, a major focus of 21st century environmentalism is the environmental impacts of a growing population – urbanization, overconsumption, and so forth – and climate change. 21st century environmentalism also focuses on both biological and social aspects of the

The introduction of ecological planning and consideration of environmentally sensitive areas as a relevant form of regulation are proposed here

Wounded Landscapes “What Time is this Place?” asked Kevin Lynch, exploring how communities manage environmental change. His question was prescient. Globalization of technologies, societies, and economies is transforming the world along diverse and unforeseen pathways, and landscape architecture is challenged by the need to both respect the past and confront the certainty of an uncertain future.

The South East Wedge of Edinburgh is selected as a sample case study for understanding issues associated with planned urban development in sustainable communities. The South East Wedge was designed as a sustainable living area that could accommodate the city's growing population. Core features included a "distinctive urban culture," "spatially compact form," "strong landscape framework," and a "high density of population" within multiple neighborhoods (Deakin, 2003, p. 139). Environmental friendliness and financial feasibility were also core goals of the development project, which was touted as being advanced and state of the art. In spite of the lofty goals of the project, Deakin (2003) points out that the South East Wedge development failed to live up to its core objective of sustainability.

The number of people living in urban areas is dramatically increasing across the world. Currently, 75 % of people live in cities in the developed world, (Bernhardt E.S. and Palmer M.A, 2007) despite such high percentage many do not get access to the green and blue spaces available, in other words cannot interact with nature. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency green spaces are ‘land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs or other vegetation’ (Environmental Protection Agency, 2014) This includes community gardens, parks as well as cemeteries. (Environmental Protection Agency, 2014) On the other hand, blue spaces include rivers, canals and lakes. (Sally, M, 2010) As urbanisation increases, it will pose a greater threat to nature such as pollution, habitat destruction, erosion and colonisation of native species. There are various ways to engage with nature. However, one reason for green and blue spaces not being utilised effectively by people may be due to people being unaware of the values that these have and the crucial functions they undertake in the ecosystem such as recycling nutrients and controlling the hydrological cycle.

Sustainability is somewhat of a contentious issue within heritage planning. It is widely used, but not always well understood. This essay proposal uses this term to mean balancing the needs of current society with the preservation of current resources to improve cultural vitality, social equality, environmental responsibility and economic vitality (Letourneau, 2016). Each of these pillars contains several aspects, such as innovation and ecological balance, which contribute to the overall success of a community. Heritage must be protected in a holistic and multidisciplinary way, which engages the community and transfers to policy, practice and implementation.

Urbanization, which is becoming a buzzword during the last few decades, is enlarging at a booming speed. It is predicted that 93 percents urban growth will occur to the year 2020, in the developing world (Elliot J.A, 1999). Generally speaking, more than half of the people around the world have been moved to cities, which led to a series of “matters” connected with people’s life that changed in a dramatical way. In this period, sustainable development, another buzzword during the past few years, came into people’s view and gradually became the mainstream of society development. Its definition is to make the development continue in a long term, which means allowing appropriate economic growth and industrialization without