Erikson 's theory of personality Main article: Erikson 's stages of psychosocial development Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has been described as an "ego psychologist" studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson 's stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict for which successful resolution will result in a favourable outcome, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around. Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes known as "virtues", a term used in the context of Erikson 's work as it is applied to medicine, meaning "potencies." Erikson 's research suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life-stage …show more content…
3.Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3–6 years - Does the child have the ability to or do things on their own, such as dress him or herself? If "guilty" about making his or her own choices, the child will not function well. Erikson has a positive outlook on this stage, saying that most guilt is quickly compensated by a sense of accomplishment. 4.Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self-worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other children. Erikson places some emphasis on the teacher, who should ensure that children do not feel inferior. 5.Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till 20. Questioning of self. Who am I, how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes, that if the parents allow the child to explore, they will conclude their own identity. However, if the parents continually push him/her to conform to their views, the teen will face identity confusion. 6.Intimacy vs. isolation - This is the first stage of adult development. This development usually happens during young adulthood, which is between the ages of 20 to 24. Dating, marriage, family and friendships are important during the stage in their life. By successfully forming loving relationships with other people, individuals are able to experience love and intimacy. Those who fail to form lasting
If this stage is successful the child have the virtue of purpose. The fourth stage is industry vs. inferiority which happens in elementary school from the age 6 until puberty. During this stage, the child’s teacher and peers become the source of self-esteem. Children in this stage feel like they need to fit in and gain approval of those around them. They feel confident and gain a sense of pride when they are praised for their accomplishments. If this stage is successful they will gain the virtue of competence. If they feel they can’t do what is asked of them, are rejected by their peers, or their parents/teachers treat them insensitively, they will learn inferiority. Stage five is ego-identity vs. role-confusions which occurs during adolescence. Teenagers being to wonder who they are. This leads to them going through phases and rebelling to search for where they fit in and belong. They explore themselves, others, and roles. If they are unable to establish who they are, they’ll experience role-confusion and suffer an identity crisis. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity, but failure means they feel they have no place in society. Stage six is intimacy vs. isolation, this
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
The next stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is stage five, “Identity versus Role Confusion.” This stage is according to Erikson, “Adolescence is a time when young people explore who they are and establish their identity. It is the transition period from childhood to adulthood when people examine the various roles they play and integrate these roles into a perception of self, an identity. Some people are unable to integrate their many roles and have difficulty coping with conflicting roles; they are said to suffer from role confusion. Such persons feel confused and uncertain about their identity.” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013, p. 315) During my own adolescent years I played various roles such as sister, daughter, student, Christian, African American, dancer,
This stage of development occurs between the ages of 18 to 35. This is the stage where we begin to become more intimate with others, leading towards long term commitment such as marriage and families. If this stage is completed successfully we can experience intimacy on a deep level. If not isolation and distance from others may
Describe Erikson stage briefly Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson, is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. ...
The purpose of this paper is to compare the views of two individuals in different age groups and compare their responses to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Erik Erikson psychosocial theory includes eight stages: trust versus mistrust; autonomy versus shame and doubt; initiative versus guilt; industry versus inferiority; identity versus identity confusion; intimacy versus isolation; generativity and stagnation, and integrity versus despair. Each of the eight stages has a crisis that must be resolved. Erik Erikson believed that during human development, an individual must reach the respective stage according to their age to avoid social or emotional conflict. After explaining the eight stages that begins from infancy to late adulthood, a
Erik Erikson is a theorist of the psychodynamic approach who believes that development is a process we go through at different age stages in our lives and that the experiences we have socially can have an impact in how we develop through each stage, Erikson details this through eight stages which he believes depending on whether our experiences are positive or negative this will determine the outcome on how we develop. (SFEU 2007)
would be in the fidelity stage where the conflict to be resolved is identity vs. role confusions. This stage is said to effect adolescence 13-19 years of age. (Stevens, 1983)
Emerging adulthood and culture Class: Lifespan Development Name: Grishma Patel Week four assignment Meaning of Emerging Adulthood Emerging adulthood is the period of life from about age 18 through age 25, during which young people are exploring the possibilities of their lives and beginning to define themselves as adults, rather than teenagers. They shared the perception of “feeling in between” – knowing they were pulling clear of the struggles of adolescence and starting to feel responsible for themselves,, but still closely tied to their parents and family. Emerging adulthood can be defined as an: Age of identity exploration: young people decide who they are and what they want out of work, school and love.
Erik Erikson created a model of stages of development. He was influenced by Freud, but also had differing opinions. His model contains eight stages ranging from birth till late adulthood. Erikson emphasized that there is conflict and resolution in each stage, and that the person is always working through this conflict in hopes of resolution. No person will flow through the stages identically, since he provides two ends of a spectrum for each stage there is a lot of room for variation.
In Erikson’s theory for young adulthood, the conflict to be resolved at this stage is intimacy versus isolation. The theory discusses how individuals in the age group of 20 to 40 are attempting to establish meaningful relationships with other people (Erikson handout, 2017). Success at this stage includes strong relationships, being able to maintain friendships, and physical and emotional intimacy, while failure to resolve the conflict resulted in loneliness and isolation (Erikson handout, 2017).
For Erikson is reached by the end theme of the life cycle, provided that the individual has fully lived and ensured the survival of the generation that follows. This closure is achieved by accepting the finitude of biological life and the succession of generations. According to Erikson the negative outcome occurs with the sense of failure or not to complete the life project itself, in this case the "hopelessness" arises; frequent in depressive symptoms. These steps should not be taken absolutely, no individual and cultural diversity. The crisis does not necessarily imply a negative outcome, but is, at the same time, an opportunity for personal growth and development. Aging is unquestionable, provided a biological fact in our genetic code so that aging and death are as consubstantial as growth. But there is no direct correlation between physical and psychological deterioration will depend on the genetic code, in facts and history of life and endless data that we are not allowed to talk about a general deterioration without pattern but rather a complex deterioration and
This occurs during adolescence. During this period the identity concern reaches climax. According to Erikson this is the time when children seek their true selves. Erikson’s sixth stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation, occurs during young adulthood. The main concern of Erikson's seventh stage, Generativity vs. Stagnation, is to assist the younger generation in developing and leading useful lives. When the individual feels that he has done nothing to help the next generation then they experience stagnation. The final stage, Integrity vs. Despair, occurs during late adulthood. This is the time in which the individual looks back and evaluates their life. If the last stages have developed properly then they will experience honesty. If the previous stages have not developed in a positive way then they will feel hopelessness (Sharkey).
Erik Erikson is known for his psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Psychologist Erik Erikson, is a major contributor to developmental psychology, who proposed a comprehensive theory of the ways that individuals develop their identity, a sense of who they are, and society's influence on that development. Erikson stated that people go through crisis at each stage of their lives. The stages each had a developmental task to be mastered. As an individual resolved these various crises an individual would have a better harmony with their social environment that they live in. If an individual could not successfully resolve a crisis, they would be” out of step”, and the individual would have a greater difficulty in their dealing with a crisis in the future. Erikson did however recognize that an individual can develop through a stage negatively and still go on with their life. Erikson stated that each of the psychological stages have a basic conflict and important event leading to growth. The theory was developed from his hundreds of clinical observations in children.
Erikson’s theory followed Freud´s and it was based on many of Freud´s ideas. He had studied at Anna Freud, Freud’s daughter in Vienna. Erikson´s and Freud´s theories have similarities. Both theories admit the importance of the unconscious on development. They also both separates development into stages of a person´s life and handle similar age spans for these developmental stages. However, there are also differences that exist between names of the stages and the developmental subjects that are assumed during each stage. Part of the reason for that is that each psychologist has his own exclusive view of what causes a person’s development.