For many disease states, successful drug therapy depends not only on the choice of an appropriate drug, but also on the choice of suitable formulation. The task of the research and development scientist involved in the formulation of a new product is to develop a dosage form which is optimum from both the technical and biopharmaceutical stand point. The majority of the drugs are formulated into dosage form which deliver the drug to the general circulation at a rate which is controlled by the physiological process in the body and not controlled by the dosage forms themselves. However, for many diseases the selected drugs should be delivered from the dosage form in the required amount at a constant rate to the target organ over the desired …show more content…
However, continuous administration of the drugs by conventional drug delivery systems is either impossible or impractical.
These limitations coupled with the findings that the rate of absorption into the body can be controlled by controlling the rate of release of drugs from the dosage forms, have led to the development of more practical and highly promising methods which can provide the required blood level of drugs for the desired period of time. One such approach is sustained release drug delivery system, which allows an initial release of drug sufficient to provide a therapeutic dose soon after administration and then a gradual release over an extended period of time.
Polymers have become an integral part of pharmaceutical formulations because of their ability to provide controlled release of therapeutic agents at constant doses over extended time periods (1). Both natural and synthetic polymers have been extensively used for this purpose (2). In recent years, the natural polymers have witnessed increasing attention for controlled drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, ease of chemical modifications, and abundance in the nature (3-5). However, the selection of appropriate polymer or polymer blends for a particular formulation depends on where and how the drugs are intended to be released. In this review, we highlight the various natural polymers used in controlled delivery of oral therapeutics, their advantages
Dosages of the drug vary from one extreme to another based upon the patients needs.
In our experience with Pharmasim we learned that Marketing decision making must be very sensitive and responsive to everything going on in the industry which is very complex. Consumer responses to marketing tactics can be volatile and unpredictable and no idea is guaranteed to work well. Marketing is a matter of meticulous research, assumptions, planning, and volatility at times. Overall we took away two major points: 1) that it is important to consider the product lifecycle in evaluating how to promote businesses and, 2) that the “Sweet Spot” as a competitive advantage should be the greatest point of consideration when evaluating how to best gain leverage to beat the competition in the minds of
The intended use of medications is meant to improve a person’ health, it is very important the individual administering medication or self-medicating use the drugs correctly, by following the doctors’ instruction for the medication prescribed. Medication is given to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness. Medication can be very dangerous, which can potentially cause harm or even deaf if it’s not used properly.
*Subcutaneous injection administration – With this injection, the medicine is administered directly under the skin. A common example of a medicine administered via this route is insulin. Medicines are injected in the fat layer beneath the skin.
5. Predict: How often do you think the patient should take a pill? Every 2 to 4 hours
1. There are a number of types of materials and equipment needed for the administration of medication via the different routes. They all serve a type and purpose these include:
The National Prescribing Centre recognize some fundamental differences in the absorption, distribution and excretion of medicines between adults and children. The differences are published in the National Prescribing Centre’s bulletin, produced by
Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,
Medication has also become increasingly complex. There has been a massive increase in the number and variety of medications available. In addition, many medications have different routes of delivery, variable actions (long acting, short
This is important for easy administration in case of an emergency so as to prevent any harm on a patient.
Pharmacokinetics "is the way a drug is absorbed, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (pg. 749 Treas)
Medicine is a very important part in keeping humans alive and healthy. Different types are capable of many things such as: relieving pain, fighting disease, “balance systems and organs in the body,” fighting infection, supplementing a deficiency, helping a bodily mechanism fix itself, and decrease, and overabundance of a body substance (Howell 2017). There are many ways that medicine can be administered, and include, but are not limited to: orally, sublingually, injection, intravenous, dermal, and inhalation. After the administration, the drug is delivered throughout all of the body systems and will perform by causing the effects it was made to put out. Finally, the medicine and waste are washed out of the body.
Checking the right time for a drug needs to be done before administering. Giving a drug at the wrong time can lead to toxicity (Kanneh, 2011). Drugs that have high potency or a narrow therapeutic index need to be
Compounding is an important facet of pharmaceutics that allows the formulation of specific drugs for individual patients. The work done at compounding pharmacies permits the development of medicinal products for patients that cannot tolerate certain components from mass production pharmaceutical companies. These individuals may require uniquely compounded agents to be flavorless, preservative-free, dye-free, liquid, solid, or more. These specialty production facilities are necessary for therapy and an acceptable quality of life for individuals with specific needs. Recently, the patient-driven role of designer therapeutics that compounding pharmacies occupy was overshadowed when a manmade epidemic was produced a medical catastrophe when supposedly sterile materials were contaminated with infectious agents.1
Prescription medication is an important part of healthcare and a must have for patients because it helps manage a lot of symptoms and diseases. It can help kill bacteria causing patients to feel ill, it can also reduce pain and suffering for others. However, most mediations have some type of adverse side effects as it is made from chemicals processes or extracts from herbal plants. There are contraindications and cautions to every medication in which we have to be aware of when prescribing the medication; there is also drug to drug interactions that may occur. To help prevent medication errors we can use online resources to look for any drug to drug interactions and contraindication/adverse effects. We also need to stress the importance