Evidence Based Literature Review: The Marshall Personalized Patient And Family Education

As people’s life expectancy increases, the nursing field needs to keep pace with the rapid changes. There’s increased needs for nurses in many different field as well such as nursing home, hospitals, ambulatory cares, palliative care, and hospices. Therefore, an expectation of a role as a nurse has been rise. Nursing skills and knowledge cannot remain limited, but need to utilize in more various setting. In order to provide better care in various nursing field, continuing education is essential. For example, as population and their lifespan increases there’s also new diseases and new treatment has been developed. A competence nurse must embrace old and new skills and thorough knowledge to achieve best quality of care and optimum patient’s overall outcome. The quality of patient care heavily depends on nurses’ level of education. One research proves that nurses who received higher level of education showed lower mortality rate, less medical errors, and higher patient satisfaction. This outcome is related to higher education which prepared nurses to handle various circumstances with appropriate answers. Nurses are people who spend most of time with ill individuals at the bed side. Nursing education will provide new demanding roles of nurses’ requirement such as seeing the patient as a whole, providing appropriate response to patient’s condition, and integrating knowledge and skills accordingly.

Communication is key to effective healthcare practices. According to American Journal Of Critical Care (2014), Patient-centered care starts with “effective communication, being empathetic and available, avoiding personal prejudges, and listening therapeutically are integral parts of patient-centered care” (Riley, White, Graham, Alexandrov, 2014, p. 320). This will improve communication; promote patient involvement in care, which creates a positive relationship with the healthcare provider and medical team. This results in improved adherence to treatment plan. Clinical practice guidelines need to be implemented for the patient and family members to be able to be involved in informed decision-making regarding healthcare needs. The fundamental core of nursing is to have a partnership with the patient and their family regarding the patient’s outcome.

The image of the nursing profession is on the rise due to development in political, environmental, cultural, and social areas. This involves addition of women into the profession of nursing to instill the needed care to patients. The implementation of technology and education in relation to the nursing profession proves to be effective and efficient in the current health condition, in the nation. Education helps to prepare nurses for their roles and expectations. This allows them to execute their roles and responsibilities perfectly thus the highly trusted health professional group. Extensive research and clinical approaches also act as components to indicate the strides towards development in relation to the nursing profession. Research actions enable nurses to determine the source of their previous problems thus opportunity to revive themselves. This provides appropriate platform for development of the profession (Cherry & Jacob, 2011).

Nursing care is focused on the assessment, nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patients. This nursing process can also be implemented in aspects outside of nursing and on the nursing field as a collective group. The nursing role is evolving, following the process the outcomes have to be evaluated and put into perspective. Research is being completed the conclusions are all the same, the higher education of nursing care the better the patient outcomes.

Transforming education is included in the second key message of IOM report. Nurses require top levels of education and training to function in ever more multifaceted health care structure. So it is vital for the nurses to advance the education and training without difficulties. Chances to improve education from Licensed Practice Nursing or Associate Degree in Nursing to Baccalaureate science in Nursing and then to advanced degrees must be accessible and available. Besides clinical skills, health policy, evidence based practice and research, quality improvement teamwork and leadership should be added in the competencies while developing educational programs. Program of study should be modified to make sure that the nurses are prepared their best to perform their tasks. In addition to that there should be opportunities available for cross training to improve teamwork and collaboration, to ensure patient safety ("ISNA Bulletin," 2011, p. 11).

In this context, partnership exists not only between nurses and physicians, but also among patients, healthcare educators, other health practitioners, administrators and relevant social networks. These “team members” of health care services shall share responsibility of a common and ultimate goal, a goal of generating better health and well-being with fairness, justice and equality based on humanness. From my point of view, all forms of knowledges, skills, technologies and other resources shall be deemed as means to reach that goal rather than as references or as

Over the past 30 years nursing has evolved from a task-oriented to a logical and systematic approach to care, using theories and models to guide practice. According to Jasper (2007, p117) theories of decision making in medicine tend to favour logical, precise analytical models which are held to be testable, unambiguous and repeatable, therefore satisfying scientific principles. These represent important ideas of certainty and rationality that are intended to provide a sense of security and reliability. When used correctly a nursing model should give direction to nurses working in a particular area, as it should help them understand more fully the logic behind their actions. It should also act as a guide in decision-making and so reduce conflict within the team of nurses as a whole. This in turn should lead to continuity and consistency of the nursing care received by patients according to Pearson et al (1999,p ).

The healthcare industry has intensely advanced throughout the world, in turn changing the principles that incorporate the practice and culture of nursing practice. Altering the model of care to a patient-centered mode signifies an organizational culture shift and requires the participation of executives at the senior level (Cliff, 2012). To practice this care to provide the best care possible, it goes beyond the nurse to all healthcare professionals and senior leadership. The days of patients and nurses following a physician’s order without favor to care has now loaned themselves to more of an interdisciplinary approach to practice. Though, it is encouraged that the patient makes decisions for themselves, after receiving the proper education and information on their condition. Part of the patient-centered care is to be the patients’ advocate, by letting them know you are there for them when they are unable to speak and advocate for themselves and what is in their best interest. That goes in hand with educating them on “self-management of care, health literacy, patient, and family education through nurse-patient communication and interaction (Finkelman & Kenner, 2016, p. 271).”

With new direction that healthcare is taking Change in nursing practice is eminent to deliver care to a complex population from conception to death. Representations on how to practice nursing is expected to raise and transform. This new endeavor is the road to keep patient healthy. The relationship between the patient and care giver will go past actual occurrences of malady. The focus is on delivering care that is mainly focus on the needs of the patient in a continuum. In collaboration with everyone in the care team the patient is a unique person with unique needs who from one stage to another, meaning from the hospital to rehab, from rehab to home and to the community. Care for everyone in the same fashion each time without limitation. The continuum of care framework focuses on integrating the services provided to the client, rather than on the integration of service organizations.

8. Organization should have enough resources to provide quality of care, make changes when appropriate and support its staff. 9. The nurses should be knowledgeable and competent to provide autonomous, great quality of care to patients. 10. Partnership with community to form stronger healthcare behavior. 11. Development of staff, preceptorship program for new staff and academic students. 12. Nurses form an integral part of patient care and should provide services to best of their competency. 13. Having mutual respect in different disciplines and conflict resolution policy in place if needed. 14. Healthcare organization should provide support and guidance for professional growth and development of staff. Programs should promote education and certification for staff.

Transforming education is included in the second key message of IOM report. Nurses require top levels of education and training to function in ever more multifaceted health care structure. So it is vital for the nurses to advance the education and training without difficulties. Chances to improve education from Licensed Practice Nursing or Associate Degree in Nursing to Baccalaureate science in Nursing and then to advanced degrees must be accessible and available. Besides clinical skills, health policy, evidence based practice and research, quality improvement teamwork and leadership should be added in the competencies while developing educational programs. Program of study should be modified to make sure that the nurses are prepared their best to perform their tasks. In addition to that there should be opportunities available for cross training to improve teamwork and collaboration, to ensure patient safety ("ISNA Bulletin," 2011, p. 11).

When it comes to nursing, the writer believes that one must understand a patient’s family values. Doing so can give insight into proper interventions. Said interventions may include a support system that includes family member or close friends. The interventions may also include resources for various avenues of information when a support system is not available. Adapting to the patient is the most important part of health maintenance.

There are five integral components to nursing practice that reinforce the framework of the nursing profession. The conceptual framework pillars are the following: Caring, Communication, Critical Thinking, Professionalism and Holism. Further, Caring is an essential pillar in the nursing profession and is defined as embracing empathy for the patient and being able to interpret the principles of altruism, integrity, human dignity, autonomy and reflect sensitive, compassionate, safe and outstanding quality care. Communication is s process in which information is shared formally or informally between individuals. Critical Thinking is extraordinarily acquired thought that indicates inquiry, evidenced based research, reasoning, analysis and

Family is playing an important part in helping to ensure that patients are fit and following the advice of health care professionals. This is because the family is a foundation of support for everyone. At the same time, members can learn about what is impacting their loved one and what kind of procedures need to be followed. When this happens, there will be higher amounts of compliance as they will ensure that the patient continues to stick with their treatment protocol. (Saleeba, 2009)

It is also used in diverse practice in global setting. It is used to guide practices to meet patient and family needs of patients in critical acute and chronic healthcare problems. It is a holistic approach that allows the nurse to conduct nursing practice base on nursing theory where by allowing individuals and families to meet their health needs that demonstrate optimum clinical nursing practice. It is a holistic approach in the care of the patient and through directing nursing education and clinical practice the Betty Neuman System Model is used. However, the effective conceptual transition among all levels of nursing education and is the basis for continuing education after graduation facilitating professional growth. It validates nursing roles and activities and in the nursing practice. It is a widely used framework used in nursing research that guides enhancement of nursing