Abstract
This paper will discuss the design of an FM receiver. It will begin with a brief historical backdrop of FM broadcasting and its use in society. It will continue by providing the necessary mathematical background of the modulation process. Furthermore, it will enumerate some of the advantages of FM over other forms of modulation, namely AM.
Finally, the paper will discuss the design of a basic FM receiver as well as introduce some circuits and circuit components which the reader may not be familiar with.
Introduction
Frequency modulation (FM) was invented in 1936 by an American electrical engineer/ inventor named Edwin H. Armstrong. Possessing numerous advantages over the existing
AM broadcasting system, as will be discussed
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Charge builds up on both sides of the junction implying a capacitance Cj. In a varactor diode, Cj is a function of the reverse bias voltage. During this application, the diode is biased such that this relationship is approximately linear. In the varactor diode modulator of Fig1.0, the carrier is coupled via a transformer to the tank circuit in the secondary. The carrier undergoes a phase shift, ∆¦Èc, due to the complex impedance of the tank. The modulating signal changes the biasing point and consequently Cj of the diode.
This in turn changes the resonant frequency of the tank circuit and consequently, the phase shift of the incoming signal. If design properly, ¦Èc(t) will vary at the same rate as the modulating signal so that ¦Èc(t)= a(t), where a(t) = kf ¡Òm(¦Ó)d¦Ó (i.e. an integrator, not shown in figure, is used beforehand to generate a(t)).
Properties of FM Signals
As defined in equation (1.0), the instantaneous frequency of an FM signal is3 wi(t) = wc +kfm(t) which varies from wc +kf|m(t)| to wc-kf|m(t)|. Let
This project has many applications and many future expansions and functions that can be added on. By having a variable floating DC power supply, 7Hz-6 KHz function generator, and oscilloscope with leads connecting to any circuit built, the comprehensive hands-on learning tool would be ideal for most DeVry students.
The objective of this lab was to observe the behavior of a capacitor while charging through a resistor. Overall, the objective of the lab was achieved since an exponential curve was obtained from a charging capacitor.
In order to study the tendencies of the primary and secondary coils as they transfer energy through inductive coupling, a system that can aptly demonstrate the process is needed.
The objective of this lab is to learn how to use the Tutor TIMS software to build and analyze a communication system. This lab required us to use Audio Oscilloscope, Adder and Tuneable LPF in order to get the required frequency signals.
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This phenomenon suggest that maximum power is transferred from the coupling port to the DRA when k =1 so in view of it a particular excitation method is selected.
Did you know radios are actually bad and useless well let me tell you why they are useless. Radios are known for many good things like listening to the news, music,and even the people who joke around all the time. You may not know this but there are some bad things about the radio. The person who found these facts were Jim Surman the site were i found the facts were smartbiz.com the radio is good in some ways and bad in other ways,
strating the energy transformations involved in the process * outlines what frequency modulation or amplitude modulation is
among many other application. Amplitude is half the distance between the minimum and maximum values of the range of a periodic function with a bounded range. A graph that repeats after a fixed interval, which is
Guglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor that invented the radio and wireless telegraphy which is how the radio works. The first radio signal was in Italy in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland. In 1895, Guglielmo
The radio is one of the most influential pieces of technology ever invented. From political debates to Taylor Swift’s latest hit, with the help of the radio, society stays informed on a plethora of topics. Freddie Mercury wasn’t lying when he said, “and everything I had to know, I learned it on my radio.” In almost every country in the world, there is at least one radio station used to broadcast news to it’s people. Since the creation of the FM radio, it has been used to reach out to people over a certain area and keep them informed about the society they live in. During the 1930s and the 1940s, the radio played a very important role in history; it was a tool used during World War II by America, Great Britain, and Nazi Germany. By sending
The proposed Digital Line Array configuration will be ‘flown’; suspended 6+meters above ground. These DVA’s will be located on both sides of the stage. The 4 JSub Subwoofers will be equally spaced along the length of the stage, 2 Jsubs will sit atop the DVA, 2 will sit on the ground as to maximise the reach of the low frequency content.
A radio is any kind of device that wirelessly transmits or receives signals in the radio frequency (RF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum to facilitate the exchange of information. In today's world, radios exist in a huge number of items such as computers, vehicles, cell phones and televisions. Traditional hardware based radio devices limit cross-functionality and can only be modified through physical intervention. This results in higher production costs and minimal flexibility in supporting multiple waveform standards.
By Tribuvan Kumar Prakash Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering Visveswaraiah Technological University, Karnataka, 2004. August 2007