Fabrication and characterization of scaffold from Keratin/Alginate blend for tissue engineering application 3. Result and Discussion: 3.1. Compatibility and structural analysis: The miscibility property of keratin and alginate was studied by applying X-ray diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The XRD spectra of blends were compared to the control spectra of native keratin and native alginate as mentioned in Figure 1. In XRD spectra, the native keratin and native alginate give a highest intensity at near 7543 and 4100 at about 19° and 14° angle of 2θ, respectively [17–19]. The spectra of keratin/alginate blends prepared at a ratio of 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 gives a highest intensity peak 3573, 5128 and 3264 at 22°, 6.8° and 7.1° angle of 2θ respectively. The XRD spectra of all blend ratios gives a new peak in between 6°-8° angle of 2θ which is not present in the spectra of native keratin and alginate, this depict that the structure of native keratin and alginate become altered and form a new structural pattern in blend form. The XRD spectra of blend scaffold revealed that the intensity of blend has transformed as compared to the control XRD spectra which confirm that the compatibility exists in between keratin and alginate. Several works are reported in which compatibility between blend components was examined by XRD. For example, Tian et al. [20] performed the XRD study to identify the interaction between soy-protein and agar. The compatibility between
Keratoconus is a bilateral, non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea with the onset during adulthood.2 It primarily results in visual loss due to the irregular astigmatism.2 The etiology can be environmental due to eye rubbing, contact lens wear, and allergic eye disease.2 Excessive exposure to sunlight can cause oxidative damage to the corneas leading to a decrease in certain enzymes.4 Therefore, there is a higher prevalence of keratoconus in countries that have hot and sunny weather.4 A common theory in the pathogenesis of keratoconus is the release of proteolytic enzymes by the abnormal epithelium causing the cornea to weaken and thin by the degradation of the stroma.2 This stromal thinning is caused by the reduction of the number
Aesop is a 1987 established cosmetics selling company with an idea to make a high range of magnificent products which support the function and structure of body, skin and hairs. Each and Every Aesop Product is created after keeping in mind certain factors such as considering distinct needs of the mass as well as seasonal and climatic conditions. They are
Though the products had dissimilar melting point values, it is not enough to conclude that they are different. To be certain of the identity of the products, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and H- NMR were used. While IR is used to determine the functional groups present in an unknown substance through identification of covalent bonds, H-NMR is used to determine the structure of an unknown compound. The IR from both products had peaks at almost identical frequencies. The IR of both
The corresponding chemical compositions of the worn flank face (Figure 3-14 (a)) detected by EDS are presented in Figure 3-15.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 THE OROTON BRAND ....................................................................................... 3 OROTON PRODUCTS........................................................................................ 3 THE CHINESE MARKET .................................................................................... 4 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................
FTIR was used to assess the changes in pectin structure due to sonication. Assignment of peaks was based upon the work of Filippov, [58], the peaks representing various groups within pectin chain were noted. The pectin peaks were similar to those reported by Sato et al.,[59]. The pectin FTIR profile was shown in Fig. 4.The band at 3400cm-1 represented O-H stretching, and the band at 2940cm-1represented C-H stretching of CH2 group. Similar band profile was reported in sweet potato pulp pectin by Takamine et al., [60]. The FTIR spectrum of all pectin showed a lower absorbance at 1,750 cm-1 (COOR) than at 1,650 cm-1(COO-), indicating a low methoxyl pectin which corroborated the DM measured via titration method. The bands at 1100 and 1070cm-1
The highly regulated process of epidermal keratinization is the result of differential expression of within the epidermis. Basal keratinocytes express intermediate filament keratins 5 and 14. Suprabasal keratinocytes express keratins 1 and 10, which comprises approximately 85% of total proteins found in fully differentiated keratinocytes. Types I & II intermediate filaments (keratins) (Figure 3) are composed of three domains: (1) a central alpha-helical rod domain, (2) an amino-terminal head, and (3) a carboxyl-terminal tail domain both the head and tail globular domains contain end, variable, and homologous subdomains. The central α-helical domain is approximately 330 amino acids long and is divided into four subdomains (1A, 1B, 2A, and
As surfers we know the importance of protecting our skin from harsh UV rays, however, protecting our eyes is often overlooked. While lathering our arms, legs, chest and back with sunscreen is second nature, safeguarding our eyes with a pair of protective sunglasses is usually seen as a fashion statement rather than a necessity. We've compiled a list to help all surf enthusiasts better understand the benefits of wearing a pair of quality sunglasses.
It's been four weeks since I started taking Conjugated Linoleic Acid Softgels by Viva Labs. Before then, I had never even heard of CLA...and honestly, even though I read the product description above and scanned over a few other sites listed in a Google search..."Metabolism Booster" and "Manage Weight Naturally" were the only two benefits that caught my attention. As always, when reading about any product with similar benefits, my internal hoping mechanism triggered visions of easy weight loss miracles. To date, my actual results will not be canonizing CLA a Saint, but I am very pleased...and not just when I stand on the scale.
Upon heating, both began to discolor into a darker liquid and produced small flames near the top of the test tube when rapidly boiled. During the heating process, both reactions appeared very similar. Both were very viscous and black in color. Once cooled, however, both produced very different polyesters. The ethylene glycol was black, matte, and opaque with a brittle surface. There was little to no flexibility and elasticity in the final product. The glycerol was a slightly translucent, black in color, and had a smooth shiny surface. It had a little more elasticity and flexibility compared to the ethylene glycol. Additionally, Nylon 6,6 was synthesized and drawn into long fibers. The fibers went from a semi-translucent material when drawing to a solid white fiber once dried. A total fiber length of 13.058 ft was
The purity of the product was confirmed using melting points. Trial one of melting point was 64.3-67.9° C, while trial two of melting point was 66.2-68.3°
In the fall of my junior year, while attending a Wella hair product education class, I discovered that I could combine my love of cosmetology and my interest in chemistry by becoming a cosmetic chemist. Over the past two years my passion for cosmetology has grown. I believe that I will always be involved in cosmetology in some capacity. By attending a cosmetology program I have been given a good foundation in the cosmetic chemistry field. In order to formulate successful products one needs to do a lot more than understand product formulation. One needs to consider the structure of the hair, what the product will do to strengthen the cortex, how it will affect the color under the hair’s cuticle. I see my cosmetology education as a unique tool that help me along the way to reach my
About intercalation state, the distance between interlayer increases from 2 to 4.2 nm owing to the insertion of gelatin chains into the layers of MMT. The absence of the diffraction peak specifies the exfoliation
Material and thickness were not the only components involved in bolus selection. For some materials, wetness could also be a factor. Researchers experimented and determined if the different wetness levels in wet gauze made the gauze an appropriate alternative for Superflab (Benoit, Pruitt, and Thrall, 2009). They compared different wetness levels of gauze and it’s effect on its attenuation ability. The rResearchers assessed the outcome of different gauze wetness levels and compared the effectiveness of different wetness levels to that of Superflab. While the researchers measured the wetness of the gauze in terms of physical density, the results of this study showed that at a certain physical density, 1.02 g/cm3, the wet gauze sponges performed
Working with R&D labs in Cincinatti and the UK, several Japanese technologists participated on a global team that developed a new product involving a durable color base and renewable moisturising second coat – Lipfinity