Check referencing and put scientific names of table in annex 1 into italics Chapter 5
The availability, accessibility, utilization and stability factors affecting the intake of fruits from trees in forest areas in Cameroon
Introduction and problem
In sub-Saharan Africa, just under one in every four people, or 23.2 percent of the population, is estimated to be undernourished in 2014–16 (FAO et al., 2015). This is the highest prevalence of undernourishment for any region in the World and, with about 220 million hungry people in 2014–16, the second highest burden in absolute terms. The number of undernourished people increased by 44 million between 1990 to 92 and 2014 to16. In the Central African sub region, the number of undernourished people more than doubled between 1990–92 and 2014–16 (FAO et al., 2015). The lack of progress in the rate of undernourishment in absolute terms reflects prevailing problems in the sub region, notably poor food consumption patterns caused amongst others by limited understanding on the dimensions of food security, political instability and forest degradation. It is therefore absolute to carry out investigations to properly understand the dimensions of food security especially with changing environmental conditions. Promoting the consumption of fruits in poor communities and amongst vulnerable groups could help in addressing problems of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition (Kehlenbeck et al., 2013; Place et al., 2013; Tchoundjeu et al., 2012).
Despite the vast research on nutrition and health, malnutrition is still a major fatality in this present day. Policymakers, social scientist and medical experts have expressed alarm about the growing problem. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond and resolve the problem. Malnourishment continues to be a primary health liability in developing nations such as Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It is globally the most significant risk factor for illness and death, predominantly with hundreds of millions of pregnant women
Another factor that causes starvation in Ethiopia is its economy. Ethiopia is in and has always been in a very poor economic state. Crops account for 41% of the country’s GDP however; the
The issue of hunger in africa has caused major chaos around the world. The fact that families and children are left to die because there is insufficient food; therefore, families are separated and left to suffer. For example, on page 1 of “Why Africa Is Still Starving”, by Alex Perry, it states that, “From January to May, the fields were parched and brown. And one failed harvest is enough to turn Ethiopia, a nation of 66 million farmers, a humanitarian catastrophe”. Alex Perry explains how the soil of Africa is not rich enough to grow any goods or rich crops.
Although “Strange Fruit” and “The Summer I was Sixteen” have extremely different tones and depict images that seem nothing alike, they both have an underlying theme of discrimination and inequality. Throughout history we have seen the bizarre way humans treat other other humans. Acts from a group of humans towards another can range from violent to more mild, yet still harmful acts. Usually these acts are based on differences in outward appearance, from the color of a person's skin to the gender of a person. These two poems portray the idea that racism and sexism can be both blatant and subtle.
Food is a necessary part of ever individual’s daily life. Without food, the body cannot function properly, resulting in poor health, exhaustion, and even death by starvation. Therefore, food insecurity continues to be an international global epidemic. The journal article by Harrigan suggests that the citizens of the Sub-Saharan African country of Malawia are in further poverty due to their lack of food and agricultural resources. The newspaper article from the Guardian tells the real life story of African citizens struggling to farm and find food due to the crop shortages that have spanned Africa for the past two years. This is a current global issue, and the journal and news article prove that there is much to be done in order to help restore
Uganda is a hot year round country with an agricultural production, developing world rather than industrial. Africa’s climate change involves with some of the most frequent and severe challenges such as health resources are under heavy pressure. Three factors that deal with issues related to the food or agriculture in the developing world of Africa are poverty, environment, and health.
When you watch commercials depicting starvation in African countries like Mali, do you wonder what it would actually take to end hunger? Plenty of answers appear successful in concept, but have unforeseen complications, such as building factories in Africa to produce and process biofuels. And other obstacles such as civil wars, poor sanitation, and massive debt keep countries like Democratic Republic of the Congo from advancing. Maybe we complicate the solution to the hunger crisis by focusing on economy instead of food sustainability. Before a country can advance economically and technologically, it has to be able to feed its inhabitants. Therefore, by altering the crops currently grown in the African savannas to create agricultural sustainability, it will diminish hunger, and lead to economic growth.
In the United States of America, people take food for granted. Anyone can go to the local grocery store or a farmers market and buy almost every type of food produced in the world. Globalization of food in first world countries has created “food scenes” in large metropolitan areas, and we can agree that this is spreading to smaller towns every day. Anyone can think of their favorite food and everyone would give a different response, whether it would be Mexican, Italian, or a local cuisine. This is possible through technological advances in farming techniques developed to produce food year round, due to strong states of government, with policies that empower this to be true. The lack of government involvement in Malawian farms is the predominant reason for a constant state of poverty.
The last but not the least, high food prices make the situation even worse. According to FAO ' s data, the population of undernourishment increased by 75 million, which is higher than it in 2003 to 2005. The scientists analyzed it is caused by the rising food price (FAO, 2008). Additionally, in some countries in African, South American and Asia where average income is very low, to achieve the food security is almost impossible. For instance, Afghanistan is one of the most food-insecure countries. In Afghanistan, with 80% of the population living in rural place, the agricultural industry is most significant to this country. However, the households in Afghanistan still need to spend over 60 percent of their budgets on food. In 2008, it can be easily found in the chart, the wheat flour price experienced a sharp increase from 15 per kg to 45 per kg, which greatly increased the burden of the inhabitants (D’Souza, 2011). When the flour price rises, the local people will certainly spend more percentage of their incomes on wheat flour rather than some high-quality vegetables and meat. Unreasonable diet structure can directly contribute to lacking nutrition and influence their healthy. As a result, a vicious circle is created and makes the
Food insecurity rates have soared to unprecedented levels in recent years, becoming one of the most important and high-profile nutrition-related public health issues in the United States (Gundersen, Engelhard, & Waxman, 2014). In the city of Tiffin, there are many people who are hungry and suffering from poverty. Children in many different countries are suffering because they do not have the money to eat and also are unable to get the effective amount of nutritional food for their growing bodies. Poverty and hunger are some of the leading problems in the world today. Even with the advancements the world has come across with agriculture there are still large quantities of people who are unable to eat appropriate amounts of food
Every year the FAO publishes a report titled “The State of Food and Insecurity in world .” Hunger and malnutrition inflict heavy costs on individuals and households, communities and nations.Malnutrition lso is a big part
“More than 90% of world population growth occurs in developing nations that are least able to feed their people,” writes W. Fornos in the article, Population Politics (Fornos). Throughout the world, approximately two billion people are left without safe and nutritious food that is necessary for their health. Africa is one nation that will not be able to feed its expected population. In 2050, it is estimated that Africa’s population will reach two billion, and in order to feed this population, food production in Africa would have to increase by 300%(Population). Who else is hungry?
Food is an essential part of our health and what we choose consume can affect our lifestyle. Human beings have a cycle, which includes eating, sleeping and reproducing. Out of all the elements of the cycle, eating is the most important but also the most expensive to maintain. Living in poverty and not having enough income to purchase food can be devastating to a family and their health. The children’s health is affected the most because in early childhood, it is important that a child has adequate nutrition to ensure healthy growth, a strong immune system and cognitive development. Proper nutrition is vital to the growth and development of a child. Not having a sufficient amount or the right kinds of food at a
Food will always be one of the most important things in your life. Every living thing on the face of the earth needs nutrition to survive, grow, and reproduce. Unfortunately, about 795 million people in the world do not have enough to eat. This number represents about 1 in 9 people on the planet and is much higher in developing countries where 13% of the population is malnourished. Malnutrition or malnourishment is a condition that results from a diet in which there are not enough nutrients or there are so many that the diet causes health problems. A malnourished persons body has difficulty doing normal things like growing and fighting illnesses. Two billion people in the world suffer from various forms of malnutrition. The most basic kind is called protein energy malnutrition. This includes low height and weight and a lack of nutrients that help the body to function properly. Another common group is overweight, obesity, and diet related diseases like diabetes and heart disease. When people refer to world hunger, they are talking about undernutrition. One of the places most affected by this is Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa, the area of the African continent that lies south of the Sahara Desert, has the highest level of food insecurity in the world.
Food is the foundation of human live and people cannot survive without it. Food security is a vital issue facing the governments around the world. However, food shortage is becoming increasingly severe in this day and age. There are several reasons which led to the universal food shortage and they are interconnected to each other. Increasing world population, extreme weather and the wide spread use of biofuels are the main causes of worldwide shortage of food. These factors lead to food price rises rapidly.