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Fermentation Of Sugar Sucrose

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Sugar-cane is harvested by either manual labour or industrial harvesters before being transported to a sugar mill. At the mill the sugarcane is grinded and crushed in water with a ratio of 1:4 to create a pulp-juice. The juice is then heated to around 110OC and then sulfuric acid is then added to this pulp before being filtered out. This process is repeated with a higher concentration of sulfuric acid. This process ensures that all unwanted inorganics on the juice are turned into a solid precipitate, which are removed.
The juice is then combined with molasses, which is made from refining sugarcane, to form a solution with ~15% sucrose and then it is fermented. Yeast is combined with the solution in order to catalyze the reaction:
First, the sucrose is broken down into glucose:
C12H22O11 + H2O →Invertase (a derivative of yeast) → 2 C6H12O6
Then, the glucose is fermented: C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Because fermentation is an exothermic reaction, constant heating is required in order for the temperature to remain at fermentation reactions. This fermentation reaction yields only a weak ethanol solution due to the fact that at ~15% v/v the yeast will be poisoned by the alcohol, ceasing the reaction. It is because of this that most fermentation plants use a continuous reactor, which constantly replaces the ethanol and yeast.
The acquired ethanol is then distilled to produce a much higher concentration of ethanol.

i. Outline the effects of using ethanol and ethanol-petrol fuel

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