Introduction
As the use of computers is on the rise, the understanding of networks and how they interact with computers becomes a necessity for its end users. One of the pieces that allow the interaction of computers and networks is the protocol. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, a protocol is essentially a set of rules that define how computers communicate with other computers over a network (Merriam-Webster). There are many protocols that presently exist (e.g. HyperText Transfer Protocol, Internet Protocol), but one of the most useful protocols to users who have the desire of sharing files with one another may just be the File Transfer Protocol, or FTP. This paper is designed to explain the history behind the FTP, its
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Ports are used for communications within Internet Protocol (IP), so the use of a port number allows for the start of a connection between two remote computers (DeskShare). When the FTP server receives a connection request, the server assigns an appropriate port number for the command connection. The server also assigns a separate port number for the data connection. It then returns a “connection accepted” message back to the FTP client. This method is considered to be the passive way to establish an FTP connection, and is the most commonly preferred and supported connection type. An active connection occurs when the client opens a port and listens for the server to connect to it (DeskShare).
In order to secure a connection between the client and the server, the user running the FTP client usually needs to prove its identification by providing a username and a password to authenticate the client with the server hosting the FTP area. In many cases, the username is set to anonymous and paired with a dummy password like “password” or a blank password in order to make the directory structure assigned as the default location, which can also be referred to as the FTP area, accessible to a large number of users. When the host server has authenticated the user, the host server is able to provide its security and protection (Open-Site).
But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,
1. What changes does FTP make to an ASCII file when you download it in ASCII mode to a windows machine from a Linux server? What changes are made when you download the file to a Mac?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the basic communication protocols, which were designed to provide low level support for internetworking. This term is generally also used to refer to a more generalised collection of protocols developed by the internet community and U.S. Department of Defence.
To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, the server must first bind to and listen at a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection,
By default, when a client first connects to an FTP server, the server transmits: •
This week we were exposed to a really interesting topic “Files and Networking” and “Advance GUI Programming”. The main objective was to make us understand about writing and reading files, learn the basics of networking and get more familiar with the GUI interface and everything that it can do.
A universal open standard that enables users to access Web-based interactive information services and applications from the screens of mobile phones:
server on the network. The server is running a Telnet server and an FTP server. Why is it
The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was
The two authors follow the story from the conception of the idea of "packet switching" in the early 1960s to the creation and development of the Internet. We see how one idea led to another and how the intelligent people around the circumstances influenced the developments.
A functional Information Technology (IT) system requires all the individual technologies involved to work together to achieve its intended purpose. If one of these technologies fails to perform, the entire system becomes vulnerable to breakdown and failure. In this complex relationship, each component is a receiver as well as a provider of services and data. I will make a connection between core technologies to show how they work together. We will concentrate of the most common and important computer technologies, these include; computers programs, databases, networks, web systems, and security assurance.
The TCP/IP protocols are the heart and soul of the Internet, and they describe the fundamental rules that govern all communications in the network. The original address system of the Internet is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. However, IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.
The internet matured in the 1970's as a result of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is sill used today. It was adopted by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1980, and universally adopted in 1983. The usage of TCP/IP is what unites all elements of the net. Both public domain and commercial implementations of the roughly one hundred protocols of the TCP/IP protocol suite became available in the 1980's. During the early 1990's, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol implementations also became available by the end of 1991, the Internet has grown to include some 5,000 networks in over three dozen countries, serving over 700,000 host computers used be over 4,000,000 people. By December 1996, about 627,000 Internet domain names had been registered and now there are more than 30 million registered.
Over the next 10 years, we will see a change in technology, and the Internet. Things will continue to progress, and fundamental changes will easily be defined. Technologies have revolutionized how people spread and consume information; these changes will redefine who we are as consumers, merchants, and individuals. With the expansion of computers and the Internet connectivity, people are able to share more of their lives with family and friends. Technology has offered the world so many different services, which include emailing, instant messaging, search engines, blogs, and Wikipedia. These services have changed the way we communicate with others, our knowledge, and the way we conduct business. With the increasing usage of the Internet, developers continue to find ways to improve technology and the way we utilize the Internet. Technology has a wide range of different aspects and concepts, which includes protocols. There has to be rules, and objectives in any and everything we do, and protocols governs communications, errors, detections, messages, and speed. There are three technology concepts behind the Internet, and they are packet switching, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) communications
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.