Chapter 17
Question B1
Bixton Company’s new chief financial officer is evaluating Biston’s capital structure. She is concerned that the firm might be underleveraged, even though the firm has larger-than-average research and development and foreign tax credits when compared to other firms in its industry. Her staff prepared the industry comparison shown here.
Rating Category Fixed Charge Coverage Funds From Operations/Total Debt Long-Term Debt/Capitalization
Aa 4.00-5.25x 60-80% 17-23%
A 3.00-4.30 45-65% 22-32%
Baa 1.95-3.40 35-55% 30-41%
A. Bixton’s objective is to achieve a credit standing that falls, in the words of the chief financial officer, “comfortably within the “A” range. What target range would you recommend for each of
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Recommend a reasonable dividend policy for paying out discretionary cash flow in years 1 through 5.
The current dividend per share: $1.50 x 20 million shares = $30 million
Assessing the discretionary cash flow, there is a larger amount at the beginning. If the firm gradually increases the dividend from $30 million to $50 million, with larger increases at the beginning, a discretionary cash deficit can be avoided. Payouts would be as follows:
Y1 = $35 / 20 = $1.75
Y2 = $39 / 20 = $1.95
Y3 = $43 / 20 = $2.15
Y4 = $48 / 20 = $2.40
Y5 = $50 / 20 = $2.50
These amounts stay in line with the discretionary cash flow, $215, as stated above.
Chapter 20
Question A2
Stephens Security has two financing alternatives: (1) A publicly placed $50 million bond issue. Issuance costs are $1 million, the bond has a 9% coupon paid semiannually, and the bond has a 20-year life. (2) A $50 million private placement with a large pension fund. Issuance costs are $500,000, the bond has a 9.25% annual coupon, and the bond has a 20-year life. Which alternative has the lower cost (annual percentage yield)?
According to the following calculations: Option 1 Option 2
Number of Periods (npr) 40 20
Coupon Payments (pmt) 2,250,000 4,625,000
Net Proceeds of Bond (PV) 49,000,000 49,500,000
Face Value of Bond (FV) 50,000,000 50,000,000
Yield to Maturity 4.61% Bond Equivalent Yield 9.43% 9.36%
Option 2 has the lower cost
Since different securities can have different payment period (for example, bond interest is paid semiannually but stock dividends are paid quarterly), direct comparisons can only be made when all yields are expressed as effective annual rates.
Problem 1: Jonathon Barrs is a manager for Easy Manufacturing, LLC. He wishes to evaluate three possible investments. These investments are for the purchase of new machine tools from Germany, Japan, and a local US manufacturer. The firm earns 10% on its investments and they have a risk index of 5%. The chart below lays out the expected return and expected risks of the three projects.
This course applies corporate finance concepts to make management decisions. Students learn methods to evaluate financial alternatives and create financial plans. Other topics include cash flows, business valuation, working capital, capital budgets, and long-term financing.
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Our estimated cost of capital, 20.81%, is lower than Ricketts’ expected return, 30%-50%, thus the investment is worthy. However, it’s higher than other pessimistic members’ expected return, 10%-15%, making the decision more complex and requiring further valuation。
Confidence intervals allow us to pinpoint data to a degree of confidence. The intervals are used to estimate the reliability of an estimate. Usually, the confidence levels that are calculated are 90%, 95%, and 99%. The confidence intervals for my particular situation are as follows:
Summarize It! is a new company in the works which will summarize deposition transcripts for attorneys. To help ensure the success of the company, a strategic plan has been developed. In doing so, it is essential to incorporate an implementation plan. The implementation plan will outline steps such as identifying objectives, functional tactics, action items, milestones and deadlines, tasks and task ownership, and resource allocation. In addition, it is important to identify any areas in which organizational change management strategies can be put into place, as well as key success factors. A budget, forecasted financials, and
George C. Philippatos and William W. Sihler, 'Models of Dividend Policy', Financial Management (Allyn and Bacon), 228-229
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Dividend Policy | -Pay out dividend to shareholders in profitable period | -100% plowback to reinvest in the business |
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In July 2002, an investment banker advising Deluxe Corporation must prepare recommendations for the company’s board of directors regarding the firm’s financial policy. Some special considerations are the mix of debt and equity, maintenance of financial flexibility, and the preservation of an investment-grade bond rating. Complicating the assessment are low growth and technological obsolescence in the firm’s core business. The purpose is to recommend an appropriate financial policy for the firm and, in support of that recommendation, to show the impact on the firm’s cost of capital, financial flexibility (i.e., unused debt capacity), bond rating, and other considerations.
The fact that shareholders are taxed twice through this repayment methodology infers that dividends are not their repayment technique of choice. Furthermore, paying out cash reserves through dividends also has the effect of both reducing the company’s assets and also inhibited the company’s ability to fund future growth as Dividends reduce the company’s retained earnings.
This also concerned with liquidity. However it focuses on the long term financial stability of a business. In the year 2013 the ratio was 56.49% and in 204 it worsened to 57.9%. According to the data the company is “highly geared” as it over 50% ratio which exposes the risk of liquidation if interest cannot be paid. However, one of the advantages of also having a high gearing is the company taking a profitable project which will allow company to expand in future to reduce gearing. (www.tutor2u.net/business/accounts/ratio_gearing.html).