First Pass Metabolism

The gallbladder, is located just behind the liver. The liver has bile ducts and that is how it is connected to

Generally, bilirubin enters the liver and is transported to the liver where it is then secreted by liver cells into bile.

2. Describe the functional anatomy of the duct system that conveys bile from the liver and digestive juice from the pancreas to the lumen of the

Blood contains nutrients from the foods you eat and oxygen from the air you breathe. It also

Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they

Blood is made up of straw coloured plasma, the matrix, in which various types of blood are carried. Plasma is mainly water where substances are carried such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, salts, enzymes and hormones. Also there is a combination of important proteins which help with blood clotting, transport,

Blood is a liquid connective tissue as it is made up of living cells (red and white). Oxygen is transported in red blood cells, attached to a protein called haemoglobin while nutrients, including glucose, are dissolved in the

Veins, arteries, and intestines are kinds of

d. The portal circulatory system brings venous blood from the GI tract into the liver.

But cirrhosis slows the normal flow of blood through the portal vein, which increases the pressure inside.

Blood enters the kidney through the hilus artery. The artery branches into smaller and smaller arteries and arterioles. Complete the sequence below:

In a healthy functioning heart the blood flows from the superior and inferior vena cava the right into the right atrium. Blood flows from the right atrium pass the tricuspid valve into the right

Liver:- It is made up of two parts called lobes. The right and the left lobes are supplied by the hepatic artery and

Blood is a highly specialized complex connective tissue with a unique fluid of variable composition circulating through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, known as the vascular system of the body (???). Blood approximately accounts of 8% of the body weight, with female body consists of 4-5 litres while males have around 5-6 litters. This variation is mainly due to the difference in body size between men and women (@@@). Human blood has a pH of 7.35-7.45, this makes the blood to be basic in nature. The viscous nature of blood makes it more resistant to flow than water. Unless blood is viscous, it can strain the heart and lead to severe cardiovascular problems (@@@). Due to the presence of high oxygen in arteries,

Portal hypertension is usually estimated by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). Normally, HVPG ranges from 3 to 5 mmHg. In the compensated stage of cirrhosis, patients initially have moderate portal hypertension (>6 to <10 mmHg) with a low risk of decompensation. However, as portal hypertension progresses to clinically significant levels (HVPG of ≥10 mmHg), the risk for developing decompensated cirrhosis increases. Portal hypertension is a key driver of many of the clinical consequences of cirrhosis (Berzigotti et al., 2013).