Flavus Preparation Lab Report

“The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity (sic) of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.” (PH, 2002). The pH scale is from 0 to 14. When the pH is higher, the hydrogen ions are fewer and the substance considered alkaline. This means when a pH unit increases by one, there is a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion. For example, if a substance has a 7 pH, it has 10 times as many as hydrogen ions available as 8 pH. A lake having a water pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered to be neutral. Researchers tested Peckham Park lake water monthly from August 2015 to April 2016 for water pH levels. A water quality PH test strip taken from a jar and dipped into the lake. After a few minutes, the strip will turn a color and this color determines the pH. The jar the strips came in has a chart of the colors on the back which compared to the color on the strip. The lake tested monthly using the PH test strips, which show the pH level, hardness, toxic, etc. using color-change

Abstract: During this lab, the pH of water in soil from a man made garden, a deciduous forest, and a river bank were tested after leaving it in containers for one, two, and three hours, coming out to a total of three trials with three different soils all together. After testing the pH of the water when being added to the soil for the desired amount of time and comparing it to the original water with no soil added, is then when each pH difference was observed and recorded in a a notebook, while pictures were taken of the experiment being conducted.

When using different methods to measure pH levels there are some tools that can be useful. Some more than others but by putting into action the different methods it may determine which tools will work best and give the best results when testing the pH within a solution. The pH, which stands for the proportion of hydrogen ions in a solution, could be acidic (acidosis), neutral or basic (alkaline). The pH scale goes from numbers 1 through 14. A pH of 7 is neutral;

Filter one contains 250 ml of slag (0.00882 ft3) which cost $0.00/ ft3. There are 16 fluid ounces of marble chips in filter one (01671ft3), this costs $7.94/ ft3. In filter two there are 250 ml of Slag (0.00882 ft3) which costs $0.00/ ft3. There was also 750 ml of marble chips I filter two (.02649 ft3) which costs $7.94/ ft3 there was also netting in the bottom of the PVC Pipe. Filter three contains 750 ml of slag (.02649 ft3) which costs $0.00/ ft3 there was also netting in the PVC Pipe. Finally, in the fourth filter, there are 1000 ml of slag (.02649 ft3) which cost $0.00/ ft3 there was also netting in the PVC Pipe. Figure 1 below illustrates the results of Untreated pH, Treated pH, and pH Increase for all four filters that we tested. Figure 2 below illustrates the results of Untreated DO, Treated DO, and % DO Increase for the one test that we have conducted for the DO level.

The group placed it in the comparator after mixing and also hold it up to the sun. We rotated the disc to obtained color match and then multiplied the reading by 4.4. Observations drawings about both pounds were made throughout the sampling period, and through Professor Bowler. Salinities and Conductances were taken by the Professor and were given to us at a later time. Afterward, we also collected 5lb of water in a bucket from the ponds and pour it through a net to see if we can find anything. In Pond 5 we only fond a pebble and we found nothing in Pond

The amount of soda ash needed for the experiment was calculated using the following equation: sample weight of unknown=0.1103M (18ml×150.99)/(10×2× %〖Na〗_2 〖CO〗_3 ) An analytical balance was used to weight the calculated amount of soda ash. A piece of weighing paper instead of a weighing boat was used. The mass was recorded. The weighed soda ash was transferred into a 250 mL beaker, then the sample was dissolved in approximately 70 mL of water. The pH meter and electrode was obtained, rinsed with DI water, and calibrated using pH 7 and pH 4 buffer. A burette was obtained, mounted on a ring stand, and filled with the standardized HCl solution, that was prepared in Experiment 2. Since magnetic stirring bars and stirring plates were not available, the students

The retained solution from the NaHCO3 extraction was used to precipitate the P-toulic acid. Drop wise 3M HCl was added to the extracted solution carefully until no more precipitate was formed and the solution tested acidic, with a pH reading less than 3 as indicated by pH paper testing. A piece of clean filter paper was then weighed and the mass recorded in a lab notebook. A vacuum filtration system was constructed with a Buchner funnel

To perform module 9 analysis, we followed Lab safety procedure by wearing safety goggles (Z87 brand), plastic apron, and a pair of latex gloves as a proper “PPE”. The team proceeded to gather module 9 analysis equipment which consisted of; an Oakton PCS tester 35 series, a HACH HQ40d portable multi-meter, a HACH digital titrator with Sodium thiosulfate titration cartridge 0.200 N, and delivery G tube. Furthermore, a stand ring with universal clamp, magnetic stirrer with magnetic stir bar, 1 Plastic Graduated cylinder (100 ml), 2 Plastic sample containers (250 ml), 2 Glass BOD Bottle (300 ml) with stopper, dissolved oxygen reagent powder pillows (2 Manganous Sulfate, 2 Alkaline Iodide-Azide,2 Sulfamic Acid powder pillows), and nail clipper. 1 Erlenmeyer flask (250 ml), Buffer standard solution for pH (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0) and Conductivity (12880µS), starch indicator solution, DI water bottle, Kim wipes. Upon gathering, we set the Lab data sheet, COC sheet, pencil, and calculator.

First, three titration curves and three second derivative curves were created to determine the average pH at the half-equivalence point from the acetic acid titrations. Titration curves were used as visuals to portray buffer capacity. The graphs and a table, Table 1, that showcased the values collected were created and included below. The flat region, the middle part, of Figures 1, 2 and 3, showed the zone at which the addition of a base or acid did not cause changes in pH. Once surpassed, the pH increased rapidly when a small amount of base, NaOH, was added to the buffer solution. Using the figures below and

Microbial growth can be affected by different environmental factors such as temperature, osmotic pressure, oxygen concentration and pH. Six experiments were carried out in this report testing for microbial growth against different environmental factors. Good aseptic techniques were used to prevent contamination, resulting in a uniform set of results that are in line with the literature.

In this experiment, different methods for cleaning water were used to see how they affected the water quality. The hypothesis was that boiling water and then pouring it through a carbon sac would clean the pond water effectively. This is because when the water is boiled, it kills most bacteria and evaporates chlorine. Then the carbon filter would clear out the suspended matter and some chemicals such as nitrate. The hypothesis was correct in that most of the measurement categories except for turbidity because the carbon sac accidentally made the water turn black-ish. A source of error was that the 225 ml sample had to be split into three containers but it was not split. This was fixed by splitting the remaining water into two containers and then running it through the procedure again and measuring that. In the end, the method was good for cleaning water but could not instantly make dirty pond water drinkable.

Water is vital to the existence of living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human population grown which increases the demand for high quality water for domestic purposes and economic activities (UNESCO, 2003). Tiruppur is fast growing ‘industrial city’ known for its hosiery industries in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. It is an Indian textile town which constitutes many dyeing and bleaching units situated in the upstream of Noyyal River and serves as one of the major exporters of textiles. The industrial pollution has affected not only the surface water but also the soil and ground water. In recent decades, the ecosystem, particularly the water and land resources of the Noyyal river basin have been affected due to heavy discharge of industrial effluents. In the present investigation water samples (A, B, C, D and E) were collected from various sites near the Orathupalayam reservoir of Noyyal River to study the level of penetration of polluted water into the aquifer system. The physio-chemical properties of water samples were analyzed and studied.

In this paper, use of Moringa oleifera seeds for purifying water is discussed. A study was carried out to know the efficiency of Moringa oleifera seed suspension for removal of turbidity and hardness of water. Turbid water sample of low turbidity (50 mg/L) was prepared in the laboratory using bentonite clay, kaolin clay and black cotton soil. Moringa oleifera seed suspension was added as coagulant in concentration of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L. The hardness removal efficiency was checked on water sample from tube well in the vicinity of Aurangabad city (India). The initial hardness of water sample was 284 mg/L. The dosages of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension were 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/L. In addition to hardness, effect on pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity was also studied. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was found to be effective in treating the water.

The Mineral Salts Medium (MSM) was prepared as per Brilon et al., (1981) with some modifications. The MSM contained of following constituents (g/l): Na2HPO4.2H2O (12.0), KH2PO4 (2.0), NH4NO3 (0.50), MgCl2.6H2O (0.10), Ca(NO3)2.4H20 (0.050), FeCl2.4H20 (0.0075) with 10 ml of trace element solution per liter. The trace element solution was prepared as follows (mg/l): ZnSO4.7H2O (10.0), MnCl2.4H2O (3.0), CoCl2.6H2O (1.0), NiCl2.6H2O (2.0), Na2MoO4.2H2O (3.0), H3BO3 (30.0), CuCl2.2H2O (1.0). Further, MSM was blended with different concentrations of Reactive Violet 5 (100 mg/l) and Reactive Red 2 (300 mg/l) and used throughout the study as a test medium and uninoculated flasks

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of turbid water was investigated. The main parameter studied was Turbidity. Coagulation experiments using jar test was performed with a flocculation system where the effects of Turbid Water pH, Retention time as well as Dosage of Banana Stem Juice on coagulation was examined. A Three Level Factorial Design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert software was applied in the model analysis. Consequently, most of the actual and predicted values closely agreed with various regression coefficients. The characteristics of the Turbid water was determined with TSS at 222 mg/L, turbidity at 143 NTU and COD at 89.36 mg/L, BOD at 44.68 mg/L, DO1 at 11.7 mg/L, DO5 at 6.93 mg/L, pH at 7, Temperature at 27.3°C. Turbidity reduction using Banana Stem Juice was achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage