Fluency Disorders In Elementary School

According to Pen᷈a-Brooks and Hegde (2015), speech sound disorders are the perceived errors when producing speech sounds. A speech sound disorder usually impacts the intelligibility of someone based on nature and severity level of it. For instance, a phonological disorder affects a child’s understanding of how sounds contrast or distinct from one another. For example, the usage of persistent patterns of substitutions and omissions when the child knows how to produce a sound. Imagine a five-year-old producing “firetruck” correctly, but then producing “ruml” for “trunk.” Or an articulation disorder which affects the production of individual sounds, usually have consistent errors, and the person often perceives linguistic contrast. In other words, a speech sound disorder is when a person is unable to produce speech sounds fluently or has a problem with their quality of

L.R. received a total overall score of 29, which was obtained during conversation and a picture description task, in which 300 syllables were analyzed. He obtained a percentile rank of 78-88% and a severe rating when compared to children of his chronological age who stutter. L.R.’s disfluencies consisted primarily of sound repetitions, whole and part word repetitions, phrase repetitions, and the

As a child, I felt overwhelmed with the adversity of stuttering. Not only did I feel linguistically handicapped, but I also had low self-esteem. While I still stutter, I have improved an ineffable amount and through the progression, I discovered my passion for the brain. I learned that the majority of the discrepancy between my speaking and others started with the brain. In addition, my father specialized in neuropathology at Vanderbilt Medical Center. He pushed my growing interest for neuroscience and mental health. With his presence, I also learned to overcome adversity and to always seek knowledge. Because of this, I attended the University of Tennessee’s Stuttering and Research Program to research about the interdependence between stuttering

The main purpose of this article is to examine various research on the etiology of stuttering. The experimental research explored various brain circuitries involved, specifically the the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the meta-analysis discussed neuroimaging, lesion, pharmacological, and genetic studies on the neural circuitries connected to persistent developmental stuttering and acquired neurogenic stuttering.

Stuttering is a disability that affects over two million of the adult population and can be obtained through genetics. This disability is not just getting stuck on certain words or saying like a few times in a sentence. The disability involves tripping on sounds and in severe cases not being able to verbalize what needs to be said. Yeomen uses an example of a man who could not find the words to ask the women he truly was in love with to marry him and ended up marrying the wrong women. Stuttering can change the lives of so many because they never learn to overcome that tragedy.

Secondary outcomes included self- reports of stuttering severity, avoidance, speech satisfaction and quality of life. Two assessments of these items were made; assessment 1 was two weeks before the commencement of treatment whereas assessment 2 was 9 months after commencement of treatment. For both of these assessments, audio recordings were collected over the phone and analysed by an independent speech pathologist who determined the percentage of syllables stuttered. During these assessments, information about the secondary outcomes was also collected.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines a speech or language impairment as a “communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, oral motor disorders, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” A speech impairment involves a person 's physical ability to correctly produce the sounds needed in speech. A language impairment involves an inability to process language receptively or expressively.

Stuttering may be triggered by being afraid or feeling insecure. For example, most people feel nervous before presenting in front of a class; therefore, the stuttering on a person will show more. They explained two types of stuttering: persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) and acquired stuttering. Developmental stuttering involves the expansion of stuttering while growing up. Acquired stuttering is gained after a traumatic brain injury. There are two different predictors in why stuttering occurs. The first one is triggered by conflicts children undergo through that has not been fixed, and the second one is learned behavior that has not been fixed throughout childhood years. When stuttering is simply a behavior, it is easier to treat. Respiration,

The Stutterer Story was written by Dr. Frederick Murray. He tells about his life growing up as a stutter and his experience with other people. Dr. Murray describes his most difficult times and how living with this type of disorder has affected him. The purpose of this essay is to outline the life of Dr. Murray in his stuttering as well as expressing my own reflection on how others might view stutterers.

The prevalence of stuttering was studied by surveys by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). This survey was conducted between 1997 and 2008 and sampled over approximately 119,000 children from the age of three to 17. Based on this specific sample a prevalence of 1.60% was uncovered (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). The incidence of stuttering has been highly debated due to the inconsistency of data in a multitude of studies. The Journal of Fluency Disorders provided a recommended statistic for stuttering of 5% as occurring during the lifespan of an individual (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013).

Stuttering affects an individual’s ability to produce fluent speech and often includes repetitions and prolongations of sounds. This causes disfluency in an individual’s speech. Stuttered speech is prevalent in less than 1 percent of people in the United States, (Bloostein & Ratner, 2008). Currently, there is no known cause of stuttering, but many argue that epidemiologic factors play a crucial role in the origins of stuttering. Factors such as incidence, genetics, the sex of a person, and other influences may impact a change in a health condition. Therefore, it is important to understand current evidence behind epidemiology in stuttering, as well as its prevalence and incidence in the field.

Stuttering is based on human nature and can be easily understood. It is characterized by abnormally high frequencies, and/or the duration of stoppages in the forward flow of speech (Guitar, 2006). While all the children in these videos seem to be nice kids, their disfluency holds them back from meeting social needs. Carolina is one of the children being documented in the video “Speaking of Courage”. Her family immigrated from South America to Canada where she attends grade school. After coming back home from school one day, she cried to her parents because she was unable to make any friends at school. Distraught over their daughters breakdown, her parents enrolled her in speech therapy where she worked and improved under a clinician’s supervision. Carolina’s speech was characterize

I now realize she was fearful of speaking aloud because she has a stutter. After realizing that her peers didn’t have a negative perception of her, she began raising her hand to participate. Although this isn’t consistent with the findings of this study, I can understand why my student was apprehensive about sharing in class discussions, as there are many negative consequences associated with CWS. I feel like I have overlooked the impact this communication disorder may have on students. As I move forward in my career I will be more vigilant to the discrimination towards my students who may stutter and how they are affected by this

Throughout the modern era stuttering has caused many individuals to reshape the way they act or think. For people affected by stuttering, alterations are real and hard to overcome. Much of the world is based on first impressions; the way one acts and converses is an essential building block in relationships, and it helps one to establish an identity for themselves and others to perceive. With stuttering comes several downturns that affect the mind, body, and the way one is perceived. Researchers have noted many effects of stuttering besides those that are physical, and by understanding the causes of stuttering, researchers may find a cure for these individuals.

There is currently no agreement in the literature regarding when to intervene with early stuttering. The primary reason is that numerous preschool aged children recover from stuttering without treatment. This is known as ‘natural recovery’ and infers that recovery from stuttering is influenced by natural forces. These natural forces can be innate or environmental. An example of an environmental factor may be the parent advising their child to ‘slow down’ when talking (p. 41). Until 1984, it was argued that early stuttering should not be treated until it was apparent that the child was not likely to naturally recover. This was regarded as the “wait-and-hope” approach. Some argued that treating those who were bound to recover was a waste of resources