Frame Of Reference And Appropriate Theory Of Organizational Therapy

A.K. receives weekly home-based occupational therapy services due to delays in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and self-help skills. A.K’s affected areas of occupation are her activities of daily living (ADL) and play. She requires assistance, from her parents, with ADLs, such as bathing, dressing, feeding, and functional mobility. In the area of occupation for dressing, A. K. needs assistance with doffing clothes, shoes, and socks. In order to establish/maintain independence with self-feeding, A.K. utilizes some adaptations. As a result, of A.K. having spastic diplegia, play skills are also affected. A.K. has difficulties with maintaining a stable position and has a decreased ability to move around her environment to attain toys to

Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory.

When Sean was 6 was referred to the Paediatric Occupational Therapist as the school was concern regarding Sean’s fine motor skills and the parents had concerns regarding his concentrations. The findings were that Sean’s motor coordination skills were within average for his age group. They also found that Sean has difficulties with concentrating and attending to activities, has poor confidence in his ability and has difficulties in visual perception, impacting on his

This is important because these sensory deficits present occupational barriers for both child and caregiver's ability to engage in meaningful activities. There is mixed empirical research regarding the effectiveness of sensory based interventions due to the variability in the symptomatology of children with sensory deficits. However and in spite of the sparse supporting evidence it is used in many occupational therapy settings because it has been shown to be effective in individualized clinical treatment plan and in less rigorous studies. AOTA has launched an initiative across all occupational therapy domains to increase the use of evidence based practice. The triangulation process used in this qualitative inquiry is designed to make the data collection process more robust (Portney & Watkins, 2009). Thus adding to the growing base of evidence supporting the use of sensory based interventions in occupational therapy

Occupational Therapy in children with mental disabilities is growing every year. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 13 percent of children ages 8 to 15 had a diagnosable mental disorder and the most common is attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Any Disorder Among Children ,n .d.).Also, children with autism spectrum disorder percent have increased its ratio, 1 of 62 children which is approximately 200,000 cases per year(Any Disorder Among Children,n .d.). Occupational Therapy practitioner impacts the ability to engage in daily life activities and help those children to develop the skills needed to be independent in their future. The Model of Human Occupational Therapy (MOHO) is a model based on client centered

As ethical and moral physical therapists, it is essential to consider all possible sources of the impairment and figure out how to resolve, educate, and prevent future implications for patients. In order to be able to complete such a task, physical therapists must be able to look at functional status through all of its domains, biophysical, psychological, and sociocultural.2,5 In the realm of pediatrics, performing screenings, functional tests, and questionnaires offer a great diagnostic and prognostic data for children. The DDST3 enables a PT to get a sense of a child's cognition, motor functions, and behavior. Identifying possible delays or problems early on is vital in order to ensure proper development, especially since many systems have

Occupational therapy (OT) treatment focuses on helping people with a sensory, physical, or cognitive disability be as independent as possible in all areas of their lives. OT can help kids with various needs improve their cognitive, physical, sensory, and motor skills and enhance their self-esteem and sense of accomplishment. Some people may think that occupational therapy is only for adults as kids, after all, do not have occupations; but a child's main job is playing and learning. Occupational therapists who have specialized in pediatric care can evaluate kids' skills for playing, school performance, and daily activities and compare them with what is developmentally appropriate.

Olson (2013) indicated that Latinos and Chinese families/parents hold certain cosmological beliefs in their respective cultures. For instance, Latinos believe that nothing can be done to alter the status of autism in their family members while the Chinese hold the belief that children with ASD could naturally outgrow its presence in their lives. In the case of African American families, Julien (2013) stated that the urge and urgency to seek clinical and therapeutic services is very low because of their belief that caring for a child with ASD is a family responsibility and also believe that society frowns at ASD and individuals are face with persistent stigmatization. African American belief systems also make some of the parents of children with ASD to seek for solutions from churches, spiritual leaders, trusted friends and family members instead of try to access conventional treatments. A parent’s beliefs, interpretation of situations, emotional and psychological processes shapes his/her mental reasoning and this network of thoughts affects parental choice of treatment for their ASD

A. Jean Ayres. Ayres’ was an occupational therapist that was responsible for the foundation and practice of sensory integration theory (W&S). Sensory integration theory is used to explain behavior, plan intervention, and predict how behavior will change through intervention (Roley et al., 2007). Ayres’ focus was on the organization of the central nervous system and how it was involved in the process of children using sensory information. Ayres’ theory of sensory integration describes how the neurological process relates to the recognition and organization of sensation from the body and environment (Devlin et al., 2010). This disorganization can lead to problems with learning, development, and behavior and also has a negative impact on occupational performance. In relation to the topic of Wilbargers’ DPPT, the focus of the articles collected was related to theoretical research on one particular sensory modulation problem defined by Ayres: tactile defensiveness. Tactile defensiveness is exhibited through the negative influence of touch avoidance symptoms (Moore & Henry, 2002). The aim of the Wilbargers’ DPPT is to utilize the connection between the client’s tactile sensation through the skin and nervous system to improve and normalize the sensation of

Source: Schell, B.A., Gillen G., and Scaffa M. (2014). Willard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy, 12th Edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Occupational therapy has a long-standing history of being a client-centered profession that aims to understand each person individually to best meet occupational performance needs in their day to day life. Occupational therapists utilize a multitude of resources to best create a plan of care for each client. Resources that are used often include: standardized assessments, evaluations, client-centered interventions and theoretical frame of reference. A theoretical frame of reference is defined as "a set of interrelated internally consistent concepts, definitions, postulates and principles that provide a systematic description of and prescription for a practitioner 's interaction within his domain of concern" (Creighton, 1985). This paper

Currently developmental therapists are still in the process of developing their scope of practice and this is being done mostly on a state-by-state basis. Within the scope of practices read the common basis included core competencies and clinical practice guidelines that have all been stated within the occupational therapy scope of practice. However, developmental therapy does acknowledge the practice of occupational therapy and states that they must demonstrate an understanding of the role and responsibilities of other team members (service coordinator, OT, SLP, PT, nutritionist, physicians, etc.) working with the family and

Occupational therapist assesses the child’s movements and coordination and recommends the child's individual needs that can help with motor impairment. For example, activities may include stretching and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), which is treatment intervention that forces the use of the affected side of the body while restraining the unaffected side by using casts, gloves, mittens, and slings while the child is encouraged to receptively and intensively use the affected limb. Moreover, occupational therapist assesses the child’s cognitive functioning by testing the cerebral activities such as reasoning, attention, and memory. For a child with

                 Rett syndrome, including the age of onset and the severity of symptoms, varies from child to child. Before the symptoms begin, however, the child generally appears to grow and develop normally, although there are often subtle abnormalities even in early infancy, such as loss of muscle tone (hypotonia), difficulty feeding, and jerkiness in limb movements. Then, gradually, mental and physical symptoms appear. As the syndrome progresses, the child loses purposeful use of her hands and the ability to speak (Rett Syndrome, 2010). Other early symptoms may include problems crawling or walking and diminished eye contact (Rett Syndrome, 2010). The onset of a period of regression is sometimes sudden.  Apraxia — the inability to perform motor functions — is perhaps the most severely disabling feature of Rett syndrome, interfering with every body movement, including eye gaze

Fine motor skills refer to the ‘small muscles’ in the hands. Proper development of these muscles is crucial for children to succeed academically in writing and self help skills. According to the National Childcare Accreditation Council (NCAC), “Fine motor skills form an important foundation for the acquisition of many other skills, including literacy, numeracy, self-help and the ability to perform many everyday tasks” (2008). Children start to develop motor skills from birth, and the ways in which children’s muscles develop will later affect their motor function. Caretakers often look for the typical milestones that infants develop; however, infants acquire development at different rates benefiting child growth. From birth through the early grades (preschool to second grade) children are constantly using their fine motor skills to eat, dress themselves, and in social settings such as school. These skills link to infancy development and are factors in knowing how well children will succeed. The following sub-topics address fine motor development and the importance of occupational therapy interventions: