Framing Theory Paper

Framing includes similar functions: selection and highlighting, and use of the highlighted elements to construct an argument about problems and their causation, evaluation, and/or solution. There has been an increasing legitimization in the framing of Celebrity politician, e.g. Justin Trudeau, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump to mention a few. This does not mean that all examples of the celebrity politician are to be seen as legitimate.

The rhetorical situation is made up of a few elements such as the audience, the issue, and the constraints. Bitzer described the rhetorical situation as “a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence, which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence” (Bitzer 6). In this essay I will explain in depth how the rhetorical situation works as a process. The main three parts of the rhetorical situation is the exigence and/or issue, the audience, and the constraints. I will also talk about the influence that Bitzer holds with the rhetorical situation, and

The first chapter introduced the reader to the art of rhetoric. He describes how rhetoric works through real life examples. He demonstrates ways that rhetoric persuades us like, argument from strength, and seduction. He tells the reader that the sole purpose of arguing is to persuade the audience. He showed that the chief purpose of arguing is to also achieve consensus, a shared faith in a choice.

Mass media is an ever-growing field where millions of people are connected at a constant basis. With that being said opinions and viewpoints are established on a daily basis through the media society reads. Many of these news media sources can be persuasive and have an influence on individual’s opinions. This concept is called framing. While it is related to the concept of agenda setting, framing focuses more on the issue at hand rather than on a particular topic. Framing is an important topic because of its major influence over the choices people make and how they process information. “Goffman stated that there are two distinctions within primary frameworks which are natural and social. Both play the role of helping individuals interpret

“Judgment framing” occurs early in the judgment process. The definition of framing follows: Frames are mental structures that we use, usually subconsciously, to simplify, organize, and guide our understanding of a situation. They shape our perspectives and determine the information that we will see as relevant or irrelevant, important or unimportant. Frames are a necessary aspect of judgment, but it is important to realize that our judgment frames provide only one particular perspective.

In “Backpacks vs. Briefcases: Steps toward Rhetorical Analysis”, the author, Laura Bolin Carroll describes the essentials of rhetorical analysis and how it helps us make decisions in our everyday life. She begins by explaining how we unconsciously analyze and conclude our perception of people when we meet them. This introduces the readers to rhetorical analysis. Rhetorical analysis is articulating imagery or surroundings that persuade us on our choices. Carroll believes that this is an important aspect and that we can make better conclusions if we utilize rhetorical analysis on our day-to-day encounters. She further states that there are three parts in understanding a context of rhetoric. They are (1) Exigence: events that require actions

In Grant Davie’s “Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents,” he stresses the importance of both the rhetoric and the audience in various situations.

Framing is a part of displaying a story, and helps audience engage and relate to what they are being exposed to. The shooting at pulse nightclub has caught wind of the gun control debate that has been going on. The debate of gun control has been brought up numerous times. This topic is not new to a majority of citizens in America. On June12, 2016, a horrific event took place in Orlando, Florida. There was a mass shooting at a gay bar called Pulse Nightclub that has left many dead and few wounded and traumatized by the event. This event has started up the never-ending debate of gun control in America. America prides themselves of their second amendment, “Right to bear arms”. This particular amendment people want to see change since it is no longer keeping the safety but is causing the fear that anytime someone can lose

The act of framing is without a doubt a tactical strategy. During the organization of a social movement, framing was as a way to “assign meaning” (McAdam, 339) or look at events in ways that could inspire support from both group members and the common people while subjugating the opposing party. McAdam (339) states, “Mediating between opportunity and action are people and the... meanings they attach to their situations.” The events that occur during the rise of a social movement all present opportunities to help members achieve their goal but in order to even act upon these opportunities, the people involved must frame their situation in a way that will draw support to their cause. During the Civil Rights movement, the use of framing, on both sides, greatly influenced the outcome of social reform.

Persuasion, like painting which requires sundry techniques in brushstroke and application, is a skill involving numerous methods, including emotional appeals, logical appeals, or a mixture of both. However, as thinking necessitates more work than feeling, many devices of persuasion manipulate their primary selling points to appeal to one’s emotions. Yet, these emotional appeals may or may not qualify as a legitimate form of persuasion. With the object of persuasion being to convince another, it is reasonable to use appeals to emotion to convince one’s audience; a robust argument contains complementary elements of reason and emotion. However, emotional appeals reach a point of illegitimacy when harm is intentionally caused and reality is

Secondly, the framing effect states that presenting the same option but in a different format can change people’s decisions. Plous (1993) states that, “individuals have a tendency to select inconsistent choices, depending on whether the question is framed to concentrate on losses or gains.” A good example of when framing is apparent is when stores advertise sale on their products. For example two stores both sell the same product which is priced at £50

So I’m working through an agenda for the Framing training and will be having it as a discussion point for next week’s meeting. Jeff in Curtis had a really great suggestion which I will be doing. His suggestion was for me to spend a half day at each of the location what will be training me. But instead of learning different sections of the framing process to learn the whole process as to each location. Then with the provided training to then use best practices that I learned to build the training video. I think it’s a great idea and I will be moving forward with it.

Have you ever seen a story in the news that has been told multiple ways depending on which news station you were tuning in to? This tends to happen very often in the news industry and why this happens is because of framing. Framing is a way to present certain content in a way to guide an audience’s interpretation along certain lines. How the news does this is by having the gatekeepers, which are the people in charge decide which group of facts are most important to share to the public to help promote a particular view of that story.

One of the most interesting and most helpful parts of this week’s reading was Lakoff’s explanation of framing. Framing seems to often be described as just a different way of talking about something. However, as Lakoff describes, the language activates frames or ideas. His definition of reframing was also helpful: “Reframing is changing the way the public sees the world. It is change what counts as common sense.”

The way the media frame issues has a subtle yet significant effect on the general public. Studies have shown that frames can help determine which procedures we find medically necessary (Edwards, Elwyn, Covey, Matthews, & Pill, 2001), can influence our ability to recall critical details of a news story (Valkenburg, 2000), and can even subtly influence elections (Shah, Domke, & Wackman, 1996). Given the impact frames can have on the general public, it is important to have a clear way to conceptualize and measure their effects.