Genetic Drift And Overpopulation Essay

Masatoshi et al, in their study, concluded that when small bottleneck event occurs, then as soon as populations is large enough, due to new mutations the genetic variability increases.

Genetic drift definitely did not take part whatsoever at the beginning when the population was somewhat big, but it surely started to slow down the recovery of genetic diversity once the population underwent the bottleneck event. Genetic drift only works when the population is little and there is almost no genetic variation between individuals. In other words, genetic drift should have

Founder effect: isolated individuals of a population establish a new population → limited gene pool

How does Harper Lee use the notion of family to present the good and bad in people?

The founders effect can lead to a descendant population that differs greatly from its parent population over a relatively short period of time, this is referred to as genetic drift. My example goes over the Equus, which as we know was the original horse, which was as big a pony, and soft as a teddy bear. Until harsh environments, mutations through matting allowed the equus to change not only its physical appearance, but how it reacts to the change in nature. My example would be how the Equus through time started to become bigger, stronger, faster, and more deadly. This was because the Equus was very vulnerable, giving it many years to learn it weakness, and through time drifted to become stronger and more

I always had some knowledge about my topic I have chosen. Growing up playing sports people would always talk about why athletes do not receive pay. It is an arguably subject to talk about, because some already feel like they receive pay through scholarship. This influenced me more when I grew over when I started playing college football. You get to realize that it is kind of hard without money in your pockets. My assumptions before researching this topic that their would be people who disagree about it because college athletes are not employees, and are going to school for free. The material I read never changed my opinion, but it gave me a more of a clear view to see why they will not pay college athletes.

Natural selection is the mechanism in which phenotypes and genotypes change for the population over many

Throughout the book Galapagos, by Kurt Vonnegut, the author depicts what he believes the evolution of mankind looks like and how it occurs. The four forces of evolution which can be found throughout the story are genetic drift, mutations, natural selection and gene flow. The characters of the story are on a cruise, Bahia de Darwin, heading towards Santa Rosalia in the Galapagos islands. The inhabitants on this cruise ship are the only people who remain that are capable of reproducing after an infectious outbreak which caused the rest of the population to become infertile. This is an example of genetic drift, because the outbreak of the infectious disease caused a large portion of the population to no longer

Arnold, P. (2009, December 4). Endangered Species Tasmanian Devil: Low Genetic Diversity as a Factor of the Tasmanian Devil as an Endangered Species. Retrieved March 8, 2015, from http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/13897.aspx

Also, genetic drift can affect genetic variability in a population as well. An example of this would be the “founder effect” and the “bottleneck effect”. The founder effect is when a group of individuals become isolated from a large population, this can cause a change in allele frequencies for the already isolated individuals (Reece, 2014). For example, there are around 300 students in a classroom, if we take only 10 students to mars, they’re going to populate mars, so the entire mars colony will only depend on the alleles that those 10 people have. Another example is if a storm separates a small number of birds in a population and carries them to a separate island. The bottleneck effect is when there is a sudden decline in population size due to the environment conditions (Reece, 2014). An example of this would be if a large population of birds were mostly killed by a hurricane, leaving only a few birds

The results of individual’s translocation suggested that recessive deleterious alleles were more common in the founder population, but their effects were more often masked by beneficial dominant alleles from the migrant population (Hogg et al, 2006). In some other cases heterozygosity itself is observed to have fitness advantages, while that can be highly dependent on the context of the heterozygosity. Genetic rescue also carries the risk of outbreeding depression, which can arise when populations are so divergent or locally adapted, hybrid offspring therefore have intrinsic genomic mismatches and unfit traits. Hogg et al (2006) found no evidence of outbreeding depression for any traits. In this case of population genetic rescue I think it appeared to be a success, individual with outbred pedigrees showed increases in fitness and longevity. Moreover the effective population of founder descendent that was 18.6 in 1985 has been dramatically increased, as of today the effective population of this herd is 158.26 also indicated that this population fully recovered from excessive inbreeding

Genetic drift is essentially a process in which the frequency of alleles change randomly due to sampling error between generations. It can lead to major changes in a population over a short period of time and can also lead to a fixation of alleles in that population, increasing homozygosity. Heterozygote advantage is the potential advantage that could arise out of having a single allele of a gene, even if that gene is “bad”. With a heterozygote advantage, heterozygote carriers of a certain disease will be more likely to survive than with people without the disease allele. Since it helps survival, the gene spreads more throughout the population, which is why genetic diseases are occurring more often. Hemochromatosis is most common genetic variant in people of the Western European descent because of the bubonic plague.

Utopia. The idea of a society that has a perfect social, political, economic, and legal system is a popular one. Fiction writers love to explore the possibility of Utopian worlds and have been doing so for a long time. Some famous literary works exploring Utopian worlds are 1984 and Animal Farm by George Orwell, The Hunger Games series of books by Suzanne Collins, and Island and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. These books usually feature a story where the hero uncovers an ugly truth or reality about the society. They then set about to expose the truth and generate change. This usually results in the partial or total destruction of the society.

Lastly, the differences in observed heterozygosity between the two areas may be explained by a population bottleneck. Population bottlenecks occur when a population undergoes a large reduction in size as a result of environmental events or human activities. As a result, genetic variation may decrease as certain alleles may be over presented, under presented, or completely absent, as many of the alleles that were present in the original population may be lost. Consequently, the genetic variation may continue to decline throughout subsequent generations as smaller populations, with less genetic diversity, sexually reproduce and pass on genes to future offspring. Furthermore, heterozygosity in these populations may decrease as a result of inbreeding.

Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a