Geographical Location Of Climate Change

Despite evidence from other researchers suggesting that perhaps climate change combined with other social and political factors was the driving force behind the collapse of these palatial centres, the degree to which each of these influences contributed to the collapse has yet to be consistently determined. Due to this, Drake’s argument for climate change as a primary factor in the collapse of Greek palatial centres is more substantial. Brandon Drake (2013) in “The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages” cites oxygen-isotope speleothems as a primary form of evidence that climate change was the driving force in the collapse of Greek Bronze Age palatial centres (pp. 1863-1864). Carbon samples were taken from speleothems in Soreq Cave located in Northern Israel. From these samples researchers found low levels of precipitation during the Late Bronze Age in this area and therefore determined that land in the area was particularly arid during this time period, which likely led to widespread famine.

Previous climate change predictions have provided scientists, archaeologist and ecologists with information about the past and future of humans. These indications are backed up by scientific research based off of the physics of the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, land and ice. In addition, many researchers have recently turned their focus to past civilizations and their downfall. With information from Mark Kinver’s “Roman Rise and Fall ‘Recorded in Trees’” studies show that from the demise of the Argaric society to the fall of the Mayan, and Ancient Roman Empire, climate change has played a key role in regards to civilizations collapse and nuclear annihilation.

Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions

1. Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. The evidence of burial grounds, stone tools, and other items shows a general migration path of humans out of Africa, and support the theory that these groups were nomadic hunters and foragers. Early humans were mobile and could adapt to different geographical settings from savannah to Ice Age tundra. Anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian.

By comparing Neanderthals to humans, I argue that they share the same fundamental characteristics of religion through their burial practices. If the debate that is arguing against whether Neanderthals are capable of abstract thinking, then I counter that with the fact presented above about flower offerings to an intentional grave. Theorists approach this topic as well, citing “Chase and Dibble argue that deliberate burials definitely do occur in Neanderthal contexts. “This is the earliest evidence of such behavior during the course of human evolution.”” (basset) The decision about religion is still up in the air, which makes discerning whether the Homo naledi grave was religious or not all the more difficult. If this statement is true, however, then Homo naledi’s similar burial rituals would become the new earliest evidence of religious burials in all hominins. When looking at this recent find of the new hominin species, there is only one instance of mass burial that I can base my argument from. But, the plethora of evidence found within the Dinaledi Chamber that supports the idea of intentional mass burial and therefore religion is too prevalent to

The Great Warming is a book written by Brian Fagan that encompasses the environment and history pertaining to most of the human race between A.D. 800 and 1300. Not only does the book give a new dimension to world history by looking at climate history, but it also provides the reader with an ominous warning of the impact that climate change may have on the human race in the future. Fagan references many civilizations in the book that were affected by the rise in surface temperatures. He goes in depth with them individually to show just how worldwide this climate change was, how each civilization adapted or failed to adapt, and who the winners and losers were during this medieval warming period.

After reading the text book about the Roman Empire. I found that the Roman Empire was divided into two parts. The Western half, ruled by Rome, fell to the tribal Germanic peoples in the 5th century. The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, until it began to decline in power, the Byzantine Empire was one of the leading civilizations in the world. The first Christian emperor became sole ruler of the Roman Empire. He set up his colony of Byzantium. The city, renamed Constantinople after its founder, It became the capital of the Byzantines after the Roman Empire was formally divided.

“Discuss how both direct and indirect scientific measurements of atmospheric composition over the last 10,000 years have informed the climate change debate”.

Europe had experienced a general cooling of the climate between years 1150 and 1460 and a very cold climate between 1560 and 1850. This event came to be known as the “Little Ice Age.” This cold weather had impact on agriculture, health, economics, emigration, and art and literature . The term “Little Ice Age” was named by Francois Matthes in 1939 to describe the most destructive climate drop in Europe. This ice age was consisted of mountain glaciers which brought temperatures as low as 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Numerous people got sick and some were even killed and starved to death because of a famine. Farms and villages were lost due to the cold weather. It is unknown on what caused this “Little Ice Age.” We do know that this event impacted

The Great Warming by Brian Fagan claims that environmental changes (most commonly prolonged droughts, El Niños, and La Niñas during the Medieval Warm Period) affect human civilization, including human’s trading abilities, overall movement, and quality of life. He examines the world’s ancient climate warming, known as the Medieval Warming, between the 10th and the 15th centuries, also mentioning the preceding and succeeding centuries. Fagan gathers his research using studies conducted by archaeologists, historians, and paleoclimatologists. Throughout his book, he refers to direct methods to study climate change, such as instrument records and historical documents, and indirect methods, such as ice, deep sea cores, coral records, and tree rings. Fagan digs into the rise and fall of multiple civilizations around the world as an effect of The Medieval Warming Period. As well as examining civilizations across the world, he attempts to connect the climate change patterns during The Medieval Warming Period to the current global warming faced today. The Great Warming discusses positive and negative connections between climate change and human civilizations across the world, starting in Europe and working its way into Asia, North America, South America, Africa, and even covering the arctic ice caps; however, throughout the book, Fagan has a hard time connecting his various ideas back to one main topic and can easily stray from his point about the effects of climate change.

Religion in Africa is complexed and it is known for its influence in culture, fine art, and philosophy. With these influences, we comprehend the reasoning and importance of African convictions. Anthropologist and archaeologist Pierre de Maret’s discussion in the book “Religion in Africa: Experience and Expression” portrays four types of pre-historic evidence of traditional African religions; Monuments, Burial Ritual, Sculptures, and Rock Art. These evidences have been preserved long enough under stifling environments to affirm the ancient religious practices, and out of various artifacts, one vital pre-historic traditional of African religion is a stela known as the Shabaka Stone. The Shabaka Stone is significant since it provides a perception

Western civilization was the birthplace of Ancient Greek Culture (Athens University 2010). Many magnificent achievements in areas of government, science, philosophy and the arts that still influence our lives produce Ancient Greece (Athens University 2010). Continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its successor the culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece (World Book Advance 2012). The Persian also left an influence on the Greek culture as well. The Roman Civilization came into the picture around the 6th century BC. Romans conquered and over one of the biggest chunks of land in the era. According to Rome Wikipedia the period of the ancient Roman civilization, the post-Roman Republic was characterized by government and headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The features of these burials reveal that both Mesolithic and Neolithic man believed in some form of

The derivation of the expansive civilization also known as the Byzantine Empire can be traced as far back to 330 CE. It started when the Roman Emperor Constantine I dedicated a site located in the Ancient Greek settlement, Byzantium, to the empire and as a result the location was declared “New Rome”. Although, in the later centuries, the western side of the Roman Empire dissolved in 476, the eastern side remained intact and survived for at least another ten centuries, which resulted in the spawning of enriched artist tradition, literature and learning, that served as a militia buffer between the newer European States and the threat of the Asian States invasion. Despite there stronghold and tactfulness, the empire fell in 1453 after the Ottoman

Historians today call the ancient Empire located in modern-day Turkey, the Byzantine Empire. The name Byzantine was derived from the word Byzantium, which was an ancient Greek colony located between the Mediterranean Sea and Bosporus River. During its reign (dates), the Empire began its economic, religious, and military changes. During the 6th century, all of Rome was considered both eastern and western. However, by the 7th century, profound changes began and the eastern part of the Empire became the Byzantine Empire and its western counterpart became known as Western Rome (D. M. Nicol).