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Globalisation And Globalization

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Globalisation is the integration between different countries and economies and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. Economic growth is an increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time. Globalisation has positively impacted increased Brazil’s economic growth through increasing trade, investment and improving infrastructure and improved economic development. However, globalisation has now resulted in a decrease of economic growth, and negatively effected environmental sustainability.
Globalisation has led to trade liberalisation and reductions in protectionist policies. Brazil’s economic development strategy was import substitution industrialisation (Latin America model) but shifted to an Export Led industrialisation strategy (East ASEAN model) in the 1990’s. This was done by implementing substantial reductions in industry protections. Between 1990 and
2010, the average level of tariffs fell from 32.2% to 7.6% and all quantitative restrictions on imports was abolished. Due to Brazils increased economic integration it has led to a higher terms of trade (export price index divided by import price index as an index) with foreign trade increasing from 10% of GDP in
1995 to 23% by 2010. This in turn resulted in an increased wealth of Brazilian
Transnational Corporations (TNC’s) such as Vale and Petrobras, recording $292 billion export profits in 2011. However, Brazil still retains

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