Health Of Public Health Services

3) Which one of those below is not used to define a profession? A profession

According to" Public Health Infrastructure - Healthy People" (n.d.), "Public health infrastructure includes 3 key components that enable a public health organization at the Federal, Tribal, State, or local level to deliver public health services. These components are:

The core function being represented is assurance. At this core function people are linked to personal health services needed, the medical workforce is checked to be competent, and the community is educated and informed of health issue that may arise. In addition, education and community health problems are identified and solved.

During this lecture, which took place on January 24th, our class had the opportunity to discuss the 10 essential services of public health. Each serves a specific function and importance to the overall structure of the public health system. Each of the following services have a specific order and answer a set of questions which map out their purpose and contributions to the system.

The public health system is based on ten essentials the first of those essentials is to Monitor health status in order to identify and solve community health problems. This is the primary role of the CDC. The CDC provides the backbone to the public health system by supporting public health agencies. This is accomplished through several different programs such as the CDC WONDER. CDC WONDER or Wide-ranging On-line Data for Epidemiologic Research is a detailed system to assist public health professionals by providing them with action-oriented information. Information can be accessed quickly and easily to help design and implement prevention strategies and allocate resources (Friede & Ory, 1993). CDC WONDER simplifies data management obtained through surveillance systems giving access to state and local health

State health departments are responsible for multiple areas in regards to providing health care services to the people of their state as designated by the U.S. Constitution. (Niles, 2018, p.98) One main role of the state health department is to "monitor communities to identify health problems". (Niles, 2018, p.98) This includes creating and implementing laws and regulations to promote the well being of their citizens, and to work with federal programs to use them on the state level. According to the American Public Health Association, "The state health department's mission to advance community health is carried forward through four basic functions: (1) health surveillance, planning, and program development; (2) promotion of local health coverage;

Fifty-five percent of state public health organizations are structured as free-standing or independent departments within state government and forty-five percent are located within the umbrella such as the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Umbrella organizations are responsible for various types of health and public health services, such as Medicaid, public assistance, state mental health services, and long-term care. Public health services are distributed on a district or local level through several organizational structures. These organizational structures have an impact on the distribution of public health services (The Structure and Organization, 2017). Furthermore, all states must establish clear organizational strategies for public health accountability. States must have a department of health that assembles all primary health-related functions within a competent administration. The department must focus on disease control and health promotion, environmental responsibilities, and health regulations for occupations. Also, the federal government should determine structures or systematic changes that would be relevant to improve the federal government ability to meet the objectives of public health leadership. State and local agencies must strengthen environmental

Next on the MAPP four assessments is Local Public Health System Assessment. Local Public Health System Assessment focuses on all of the organizations and entities that contribute to the public 's health. The LPHSA answers the questions: "What are the components, activities, competencies, and capacities of our local public health system?" and "How are the Essential Services being provided to our community?"(NACCHO, 2017). Any organization or entity that contributes to the health or well-being of a community is considered part of the public health system. Ideally, a group that is broadly representative of these public health system partners will participate in the assessment process. By sharing their diverse perspectives, all participants will gain a better understanding of each organization’s contributions, the interconnectedness of activities, and how the public health system can be strengthened (National Public Health Performance Standards Program, 2017). Essentials services should be provided to the community through community outreach programs. Community outreach programs provide the community with many informational resources not just in the aspect of healthcare alone but the overall well-being of

“A complex array of institutions supports the delivery of public health services in the United States.”1 There are federal agencies such as the CDC, the FDA, and the NIH. Federal agencies are important in public health because of their power to create and implement national health policies and allocate health resources.1 Then, there are state health agencies which are responsible for administering public health programs and services state-wide.1 Lastly, there are local government agencies and they have the most direct responsibility for performing public health activities at the community level.1 All agencies collaborate together and are the backbone of the public health system.2

Riverside Community Health Foundation. (2016). Theories and models frequently used in health promotion. Retrieved from http://www.rchf.org/grant-resources/

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with the responsibility of meeting the health needs of the citizenry. To achieve this feat, the department established the Healthy People project, which provides a framework for public health prevention priorities and actions. In line

• Public health policies, programs, and priorities should be developed and evaluated through processes that ensure an opportunity for input from community members. • Public health should advocate for, or work for the empowerment of, disenfranchised community members, ensuring that the basic resources and conditions necessary for health are accessible to all people in the community. • Public health institutions should protect the confidentiality of information that can bring harm to an individual or community if made public. Exceptions must be justified on the basis of the high likelihood of significant harm to the individual or others. • Public health programs and policies should incorporate a variety of approaches that anticipate and respect diverse values, beliefs, and cultures in the community.

Out of the Ten Essential Public Health Services it is clear that Healthy People’s 2020 goal is using all ten of the services. They have been monitoring the health status of individuals in a community for health problems. They are diagnosing and investigating that health problems are a concern to the community. They are making it a point to inform, educate, and involve people about the current health issues. They are including the community and partnerships to help solve the health issues, and are developing policies and plans to support individual and community health efforts. Some places are enforcing policies and regulations to protect individual’s health and ensure safety. These policies are then linking the personal that is needed to assure the provision of health care. The public health and personal health care is competent, and they are evaluating the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. The research is continuing to look for new insights and ways to solve these health care issues (Hunting & Gleason, 2012). Not only are all Ten of the Essential Public Health Services being used, but so are all three of the core functions which include; assessment, policy development, and assurance (Hunting & Gleason, 2012).

These efforts by public health agencies are critical to putting the pieces of the health system together to protect and promote health and prevent disability and death (Teitelbaum, 2017).

Assessment: Monitoring the health needs of a community along with investigating and analyzing the health hazards. This helps in diagnosing the extent of a health issue and hence aids in the development of health interventions. Assessment helps in accumulating information on the status of a public health problem within a community using approaches such a statistics, epidemiologic studies etc.