The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. It is a hollow muscle and can be found between the lungs in the mediastinum and behind the sternum and between the second and sixth ribs. It is the size of a fist and has four chambers. The upper chambers are the left and right atria, with the bottom chambers the left and right ventricles. The heart consists of several layers: the pericardium (outer protective covering of fibrous tissue), the epicardium (made up of epithelial cells and secretes serum which prevents the layers rubbing), the myocardium (the muscular wall of the heart and forms a septum which separates the right and left side of the heart.
The septum also contains the sino-atrial atrioventricular nodes, which is a type
…show more content…
There are four valves in the heart that stop the blood from flowing in the wrong direction.
These are the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic valves. The SA node (sino-atrial node) stimulates the atrium to contract forcing blood through the valves to the ventricles. The AV
(atrioventricular) node then stimulates the ventricles to contract which pumps blood out of the heart.
The right ventricle pumping blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumping blood to the body.
There are three types of circulation of the blood. These are pulmonary, systemic and portal circulation. Pulmonary circulation is where the blood is pumped to the lungs. It arrives deoxygenated from the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. It then is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The blood then leaves through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery where it splits into the left and right pulmonary arteries and goes into the lungs and is re-oxygenated. The oxygenated blood returns from the lungs by the pulmonary veins and
Likewise, Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen. From the lungs, the blood flows to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, forming the complete circulation.
In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. Blood is then distributed from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is loaded into the blood. The blood is returned from the lungs to the left
to the right and left lung. After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging as
The right ventricle fills up tricuspid valve closes right ventricle contracts pulmonary valve opens the blood flows into the pulmonary artery pulmonary valve closes pulmonary artery splits into two vessels each going to the lungs.
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen and returns
First the de-originated blood goes into the right atrium. And the originated blood goes through the left atrium. The right atrium then pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and the left atrium pumps blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, semi lunar valve opens and deoxygenated blood travels back to the lungs. The left ventricle contracts, semi lunar valve opens and oxygenated blood goes out to the body.
Blood then travels out toward the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins entering the left atrium. It is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle to exit the aortic valve to the circulation via the aorta. The questions asked in the lab packet directly related to the anatomy and physiology of the heart which allowed to understand how the heart works as a
has to go through the heart twice and this is why it is called a
The S-A node signal is delayed by the atrioventricular node to allow the full contraction of the atria that allows the ventricles to reach their maximum volume. A sweeping right to left wave of ventricular contraction then pumps blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The semilunar valves that separate the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta open shortly after the ventricles begin to contract. The opening of the semilunar valves ends a brief period of isometric (constant volume) ventricular contraction and initiates a period of rapid ventricular ejection.
The heart contains four chambers, the right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle and the left ventricle. The right atrium is located in the upper right corner of the heart, above the right ventricle whereas the left atrium which is positioned in the left side of the heart separated from the right atrium and the left atrium. The atria has a very interesting texture, it has a thin, less muscular wall and is smaller in contrast to the ventricles. The atrium is joined to the veins that transport blood out to the heart and is categorized under the four hollow chambers of the heart. The left ventricle is situated in the bottom left portion of the heart. It lies under the left atrium separated by the mitral valve while the right ventricle is located in the lower right portion of the heart below the right atrium and opposite of the left ventricle. The aorta is the largest artery in the body; it begins at the top of the left ventricle. The right pulmonary artery begins at the base of the heart’s right ventricle. The left pulmonary artery passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus. The heart consists of four types of valves, the tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the left ventricle, the pulmonary valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, the mitral valve positioned among the left atrium and the left ventricle and finally the aortic valve located between the left ventricle and the
On the right side the flow of blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava that throws out the poor oxygen blood to the right atrium. On the left side of the heart the pulmonary veins takes action that dumps the rich oxygen blood that is coming from the lungs to the left atrium. This has both sides of the heart working together. When it comes to the atrial contraction, the right side makes the blood flow to the right atrium to the right ventricle to the tricuspid valve. Once the ventricles fill up completely, that is when the tricuspid valves shut closed. This is to prevent the blood from going backwards to the atria, making the ventricles squeeze together. The left side of the atrial contraction makes the blood flow from
The muscles take the oxygen from the oxygenated blood and transfers over carbon dioxide, deoxygenated blood. The deoxygenated blood travels back to the heart via the vena cava vein.
the right auricle via the superior and inferior vena cava which flows into the right ventricle and
The circulation of blood starts off in the superior vena cava and goes into the right atrium, it then goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery , into the lungs and in the left atrium into the left ventricle to the aorta and to the rest of the body.
The heart is a muscular pumping organ located medial to the lungs along the body’s midline in the thoracic region. The bottom tip of the heart, known as its apex, is turned to the left, so that about 2/3 of the heart is located on the body’s left side with the other 1/3 on right. The top of the heart, known as the heart’s base, connects to the great blood vessels of the body: the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary veins.