Hereditary Angioedema Essay

40 year old man presents to A&E with lip swelling. Over the next 20 minutes he develops itching of the hands and feet, increasing breathlessness and chest tightness, fall in PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) to 200l/min, fall in BP to 80/30mmHg and Oxygen saturations are 88% on room air.

Next we have Cardiac tamponade [which is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma or a few medical conditions such as cancer or autoimmune dieses] which is a serious condition where the blood accumulates in the pericardial sac [the sack around the heart]. While there is no definitive treatment on a basic level and ALS provider can relieve fluid with a needle in a risky but necessary procedure the last form of cardiogenic shock is a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism is when there is a blood clot blocking the flow of the pulmonary veins leading to obstructive shock and causing heart failure. Interesting enough to mention is the fact that one of the more common causes to cardiogenic shock is damage to the heart muscle however just because you have a heart attack does not necessarily mean you have had caridogenic

Coronary artery disease affects the circulatory system. Chemically, this disease develops when blood vessels that are necessary for living become badly damaged. Cholesterol plaques become inflamed in the arteries. The most common signs and symptoms are chest pains which tighten the chest as if someone were standing on it. Shortening of breath also affects those with this disease because the heart is unable to supply enough blood. A major sign of this disease is having a heart attack. This indicates an artery that is completely blocked. This disease is caused by damaging the coronary arteries by smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol. To diagnose this disease, medical physicians will perform physical exams and examine blood

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome is a very rare and serious genetic disorder that generally affects the heart, facial features, and skin of an individual. It is caused by a desultory gene mutation, which takes place in one of four genes. Those genes are known as BRAF, MEK1, MEK2, and KRAS. From research, it is also suspected there is a possibility that other genes are associated with the rare condition. This disorder holds multiple alternative names, a long history, obvious symptoms, extensive amounts of interesting data, and is lucky enough to be supported by numerous organizations that will stop at nothing to help.

Angina pectoris is a symptom of underlying heart condition. It is characterized with symptoms such as severe pressing chest pain or heaviness radiating to the neck, jaw back and arm. The primary cause of angina pectoris is the imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and the oxygen supplied by the coronary artery.

Cancer immunotheraphy is a concept that has been around for centuries. Back in the 1800s, a bone surgeon named William Coley injected his patients with a vaccine consisting of killed bacteria hoping it would stimulate the body's defense system. During the 1990s, physicians treated people with cancer with a cytokine treatment. This treatment involved high amounts of interleuken-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFNγ), also known as inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines were released by white blood cells that fight infection (T cells). However, this treatment can have very dangerous side effects such as vascular leakage and kidney damage, but some people that received the cytokine treatment have lived for decades. In the year of 1996,

Immunotherapy is a form of medical treatment intended to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. This can be by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while those that reduce or suppress immune response are suppression immunotherapies. Active immunotherapy has been effective against agents that normally cause acute self-limiting infectious disease. However, a more effective immunotherapy for chronic infectious diseases or cancer requires the use of appropriate target antigens; the

Angioneurotic edema, also called angioedema, is the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues. Angioedema is classified as either hereditary or acquired. Acquired angioedema is usually caused by allergy to food or drugs. Common food or food additive agents include artificial food coloring, seafood, chocolate, nuts, strawberries, tomatoes and eggs. Hereditary edema is caused by a genetic mutation inherited in an autosomal dominant form. The great majority of cases of angioedema can be diagnosed based on the history and physical examination alone. Symptoms of angioedema include swelling of the skin of the face, normally around the mouth as well as the tongue. The swelling can be itchy or painful. In severe

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

It is extremely difficult to find articles and research paper related to this topic. I spent hours with Frank the pharmacy librarian and we couldn’t find

The immune system is constituted by two major subdivisions: the innate or non-specific immune system and the adaptive or specific immune system. Both major subdivisions of the immune system possess cellular and humoral characteristics by which they carry out their protective task. Even though these two arms of the immune system have distinct functions, they interact between each other (i.e., components of the innate immune system influence the adaptive immune system and vice versa) (Cruvinel et al., 2010; http://www.microbiologybook.org/ghaffar/innate.htm).

a good check up system that keeps them aware of the progress. This will avoid them

“Humoral immunity is a type of immune response that depends on antibodies.” The response begins when a pathogen binds to a B cell. The B cell will engulf the pathogen and display a part of the antigen on its exterior. Once a T cell is exposed to the antigen-presenting B cell, the T cell will release proteins to activate the B cell. Now that the B cell is activated, it will produce antibodies to cause the pathogens to clump together. In the last stage of humoral immunity, phagocytes will engulf and destroy the pathogens.

Could this be one of those conventional products in the market that become harmful to health in the long run?

Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy helps the immune system to differentiate the cancerous cells from the healthy cells that grow as fast as cancer cell. Some immunotherapy treatments can be accessed easily as they can be found in the form of shots or pills that a person can take home whilst other types of treatment delivered intravenously (IV, within the vein) can be found in the hospital or clinic. The treatment is followed by a period of rest. The resting period gives the patient’s body a chance to recover and the time to respond to the immunotherapy and build new cells that are healthy. Immunotherapy can also teach the immune system to recall cancer cells. This memory that the immune system have can results in longer-lasting