Hgma Case Studies

SKIN: She has some mild ecchymosis on her skin, and some erythema. She has patches but no obvious skin breakdown. She has some fissuring in the buttocks crease. PULMONARY: Clear to percussion and auscultation bilaterally. CARDIOVASCULAR: No murmurs or gallops noted. ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender, protuberant, no orgonomegaly, and positive bowel sounds. NEUROLOGIC EXAM: Cranial nerves II through XII are grossly intact. Diffuse hyporeflexia. MUSCULOSKELETAL: Erosive, destructive changes in the elbows, wrists, and hands consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Has bilateral total knee replacements with stovepipe legs, and perimalleolar pitting edema 1 +. I feel no pulses distally in either leg. PSYCHIATRIC: Patient is a little anxious about these new symptoms and their significance. We discussed her situation and I offered her psychologic services. She refused for now.

On Aril 25, 2012, L.M. was found to be increasingly fatigued, somnolent, and had shortness of breath accompanied with tachycardia as witnessed by the staff at the SNF.

A (assessment): Ms. O’Reilly’s vital signs are temperature of 37.5 C, pulse of 112, blood pressure of 102/52, and respirations of 24. Her respirations are still deep but have a regular rhythm. She has a CBS of 8.1 and regular insulin running as per orders. The lab work shows uncompensated metabolic acidosis with no hypoxia. Ms. O’Reilly’s neurological status has improved with a GSC of 13. Her dehydration is being treated with NS containing 40mEQ KCL/L running at 200ml/hr and potassium levels maintained at 4.

The patient has no family history of heart disease or diabetes, however both her parents are on medication for high blood pressure. Her paternal grandmother died of breast cancer at age 47. Her maternal grandmother

Other causes for metabolic acidosis include: kidney disease, poisoning by aspirin, and severe dehydration. With metabolic acidosis, respiration will increase to blow off CO2, decreasing the amount of acid in the blood. In some cases, sodium bicarbonate may be given to reduce the acidity of the blood. (Medline Plus, 2014).

A.O. is an 89-year-old woman with a long history of systolic heart failure secondary to a large left ventricular infarct when she was in her 70s. She had poor activity tolerance and required assistance with activities of daily living. Even minimal activity was associated with moderately severe dyspnea and exertional chest pain, which was relieved by rest. A.O. also exhibited marked pedal edema bilaterally. She is being treated with digitalis, furosemide (Lasix), KCl, and sublingual nitroglycerin.

During the investigation, The Department discovered Mrs. Lawson's health had declined both mentally and physically over the past year and a half. She now had diagnoses of anxiety disorder, COPD, reflux disease, acute respiratory failure with hypercapnia, hypoxia, Acute hyponatremia, B-12 deficiency, hyperthyroidism, depression, coronary artery disease, acute tubular necrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation, and hypokalemia.

My patient is a 58-year-old female, who presents with controlled type II diabetes, hypertension, and possibly thyroid tumors that have been there for a few years. She is under the care of a physician for her diabetes and associated controlled hypertension. I recommended several times that she see her physician after feeling the tumors around her neck and thyroid. Her medical history also indicates that she had rheumatic fever twelve to thirteen years ago, has arthritis in her knees, and occasional headaches. She is 5”3 and weighs 216 pounds. Her blood pressure was 126/80, pulse was 88 BPM, respirations were 20, and her temperature was 98.2 Fahrenheit. She doesn’t smoke and I made sure that she had eaten lunch and wasn’t hungry. She is currently on 100 mg Metformin for her diabetes, 120 mg. Lisinopril for hypertension, 40 mg. of Lovastatin to lower cholesterol, 80 mg. of Aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease, and daily insulin. Reviewing her medical HX, I was informed that she usually checks her blood glucose daily, but had recently run out of strips, so it had been a

Patient “DD” is a 56-year-old woman who was admitted to a nearby hospital for respiratory failure. With the only previous medical history being chronic bronchitis, she was diagnosed upon admission with COPD, anemia, hypoxia, moderate anxiety, and dyspnea.

DKA is presented with three major physiological disturbances which are hyperosmolality due to hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis because of the buildup of ketoacids, and hypovalemia from osmotic diuresis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin, its most likely occur in people with type 1 diabetes, inadequate insulin dosage, poor self management, undiagnosed type 1 diabetes, illnesses and infections. In type 1

“The patient is Adam Rudd, a 78 y/o white male with a history of hypertension. He has been diagnosed with hypertension past 15 years and is on anti-hypertensive medications and aspirin. He is very weak and short of breath. He is accompanied with his longtime friend Jennifer, who reports that Rudd was looking very weak and was complaining of severe headache and blurred vision before coming to the hospital. He is 5’9” and weighs 270 lb. Vital signs recorded were: oral temperature 98.20 F, BP 224/120 mm Hg with a heart rate of 102 beats/minute and respiration of 24 breaths per minute. The pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air. He is complaining of severe headache and blurred vision. Rudd said that he did not take his antihypertensive medication or aspirin since he ran out of pills. He has not been taking his medication for past 15 days. He reports no known allergies to any medications or other substances.”

A: Janie is a 60 year old Female with PMH of A-Fib, COPD, Hypothyroidism, HTN, Lung Cancer and recently diagnosed Pulmonary Embolism. Janie presents to ER for evaluation on SOB, cough with greenish sputum, sore thoart, hoarseness and generalized weakness. Janie lives at home with her husband, use to smoke ½ pack per week, but quit many years ago, denies alcohol or drugs. Family history is non-contributory. Allergies: NKDA. Differential diagnosis includes worsening Lung Ca, PE, COPD and CHF. Janie uses home O2 at 4 L/NC. V/S: T=98.7, HR=89, R=16, B/P=132/56, O2 sats=100% on 4L/NC, Pain=6/10. Labs: WBC=7.6, H&H=8.5/27, Na=141, Troponin=0.08/0.06, BNP=495, INR=4.2, UA=3+ protein, 1+ blood and 6-10 RBC. CXR: Impression:1). COPD with nonspecific coarsening of the basilar interstitium. 2). Mild cardiomegaly with borderline cardiac compensation. 3). Right

The cause of acidosis in the body is when the kidneys and lungs do not maintain the balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases. It can either occur when bicarbonate (a base) is lost or when acid builds up. Acidosis can be defined as either respiratory or metabolic. Too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body leads to respiratory acidosis. When the body gets into a situation where it is unable to remove enough carbon dioxide through breathing, it causes respiratory acidosis. This kind of acidosis is also called hyper-capnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis and could be caused by: chest deformities, such as kyphosis, Chest injuries, chest muscle weakness, chronic lung disease and overuse of sedative drugs. The symptoms that can be caused by respiratory acidosis are confusion, fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, and sleepiness. Metabolic acidosis develops when too much acid is produced in the body. It can also occur when the kidneys cannot remove enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis: Hyperchloremic, Lactic and diabetic. Things that could cause acidosis are: Dehydration, Aspirin poisoning and kidney disease. Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances called ketone bodies (which are acidic) build up during uncontrolled diabetes. The symptoms of metabolic acidosis symptoms depend on the underlying disease or condition. The metabolic acidosis itself usually causes rapid

Patient also, has history of hypertension, GERD, morbid obesity, anemia, and depression. She reported that the past few months, she has been feeling very weak and overall generalized deconditioning. Her ability to care for herself including her activities of daily living (ADLs), and her basic physical needs (like bathing, grooming, ambulation, meal preparation, transportation, errands, and housekeeping), had decreased, and cannot consistently carry them out.

Endocrine: History of Type two diabetes, he stated that his blood before breakfast was 95.