High Blood Pressure Essay

Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient education is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.

The two priority problems for Mr. George are Hypertension and Diabetes (hyperglycemia). It has been demonstrated that arterial hypertension is major important determinant of heart diseases. The pathogenesis of hypertension is linked with multiple factors that include dietary, genetic, and patterns of lifestyle. The biological factors that determine hypertension include: atherosclerosis, resistance to insulin; hyper-responsiveness towards adrenalin based stimuli and dysfunction of endothelial cells. It was studied that the evidence suggests that decrease in the ratio of prevalence of high blood pressure gives rise to reduced ratio of cardiovascular related mortalities. It can be achieved through intervention with suitable medical therapy (Villalpando et al., 2010).

The major health problem selected for this project was hypertension (Harrison et al, 2011). It is identified as a cardio vascular disease risk factor such as dementia, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke (NICE, 2011). It can be missed easily, as in various instances it is asymptomatic as well as it is also known as a silent killer. The Hypertension is thought to be a disease of vascular regulation ensuing from arterial pressure control mechanisms malfunction (extracellular fluid volume, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and CNS) that results in elevation of BP by means of enhanced peripheral vascular resistance, and cardiac output. There are 2 basic hypertension types. Around 90 to 95 percent of the individuals have primary hypertension which is linked with change in lifestyle as well as needs medical treatment. On the other hand, 5-10% has secondary hypertension which is linked with various other diseases for instance pregnancy, thyroid, and renal (Haslam and James, 2005). It is estimated that around 1 in 20 adults will have increased BP of 160/100 mmHg and above that results in either more than one predisposing aspects (Gemmell et al, 2006).

Hypertension is sometimes referred to as the silent killer (Aycock, Kirkendoll, & Gordon, 2013). Today it is a public health problem. According to the American Heart Association 2013 Statistical Fact Sheet (2013), one out of every three adults has high blood pressure, which is estimated at 77.9 million people (AHA, 2013). High blood pressure is also referred to as hypertension. Hypertension is a prevalent medical condition that carries with it the risk factor for increased chances of heart disease and stroke (Gillespie & Hurvitz, 2013). Hypertension remains one of the top 10 causes of worldwide disability-adjusted life years (as cited in Drenjančević-Perić et al., 2011). For the estimated 348, 102 deaths in 2009, high blood pressure was listed as the primary or contributing cause of death (AHA, 2013). Despite the health risk associated with hypertension, the diagnoses of high blood pressure continue to rise. By 2030, hypertension is expected to increase by 7.2% from 2013 estimates (AHA, 2013).

When a stroke occurs statistically speaking , 8 out of 10 people had high blood pressure when the suffered a stroke . Again with heart failure . Patients who have heart failure also had high blood pressure . The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known , but several factors and conditions may play a role in its development , including : smoking , being overweight or obese , lack of physical activity , too much salt in the diet , too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day ) , stress , older age , genetics , family history of high blood pressure , chronic kidney disease , adrenal and thyroid disorders , sleep apnea . Although you cannot control all of your risk factors for high blood pressure , you can take steps to prevent or control high blood pressure and its complications . Even by changing your diet and reducing the foods that contain high sodium and salt and eating healtheir can reduce your blood pressure and risk for heart disease . Even by reducing stress from your daily life can help to lower blood pressure . Adequate exercise can help with lowering hypertension and lowering your risk for heart disease . However in today's nursing workforce it is important to inform our patients the steps they can take to live healtheir and to reduce their risk of heart disease and

Currently in the United States of America approximately 3 million U.S citizens are affected by high blood pressure a year. There are two types of high blood pressure, Primary high blood pressure and Secondary high blood pressure. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and when Blood pressure is measured two numbers Systolic Pressure the pressure when the heart is pumping blood, and Diastolic pressure the pressure between heart beats. There are many treatments for high blood pressure for example changing the individual's diet to eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetable, legumes, low fat dairy products, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, and the individual should limit eating foods high in sodium and salt, red meats, Palm

Roy age 60, male newly diagnosed with hypertension, noting previous office visit education presented and implemented in a plan to try diet changes and increase exercise. Following up with Roy presently, with results of unchanged blood pressure (for example: 150/94-hypertension stage 1) readings would direct conversation to explaining, blood is needed to circulate our bodies for survival. Having high blood pressure causes the walls of the arteries to demand higher than usual force, causing the heart to work harder to pump the necessary amount of blood needed throughout the body. In order to not overwork the heart or cause further cardiovascular complications, hypertension is initially treated with lifestyle modifications, if no improvement with

American Heart Association quotes that Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. Importance should be focused on its detection, treatment control and prevention. The infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis which once were the reasons for leading the causes of deaths have been replaced by non –infectious diseases which are mostly the NCD’s such as diabetes, heart diseases, and other vascular conditions. Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease [78][79]. Heart attacks and strokes are major–but preventable–killers worldwide. More than 80% of cardiovascular disease related deaths take place in low-and

Another health concern that is affect my community is hypertension. It is important to note that over 70 million people in the united states are diagnosed with high blood pressure (MacGill, 2016). And as a result, the members of the community in which one lives are not taught the importance of normalizing their blood pressure.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, before effective pharmacological treatment for hypertension came about, the three main treatments were used. These included restricting the level of sodium intake through the rice diet for example, sympathectomy which was the surgical ablation of parts of the sympathetic nervous system and finally, pyrogen therapy which involved injecting substances that caused a fever which indirectly reduced blood pressure. However, all of these treatments had numerous side-effects. Globally, the overall percentage of raised blood pressure cases in adults aged 25 and over was around 40% in 2008. In terms of the world’s population, the proportion of people with high blood pressure or uncontrolled hypertension fell slightly

Hypertension as defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2015 is “a serious medical condition. It happens when the force of the blood pumping through your arteries is too strong”. Hypertension is a very serious disease because of its complications. This disease may lead to heart failure and/or hypertrophy, and cause damage to blood vessels. Also, increases the risk kidney failure, stroke and may lead to death if left untreated. Hypertension is considered as one of the most common diseases that can be identified as the main cause of stroke and kidney failure. Hypertension usually present as one of a group of multiple illnesses always accompanied by diabetes, obesity, kidney disease or many other pre-existing problems

Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.

Approximately one in every three adult’s ages 20 years old and older are diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension affects 78 million people in the United States and is equally prevalent in both men and woman (Crabtree et al., 2013). Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hajjar & Kotchen, 2003). It can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, neurological issues, and death if not detected early and not treated properly (James, Oparil, Carter, & et al., 2014). Approximately 9.4 million deaths in 2010 were attributed to high blood pressure (Angell, De Cock, & Frieden, 2015). About 54% of strokes, 47% of coronary heart disease, and 25 % of other cardiovascular diseases are attributed to high blood pressure (Arima, Barzi, & Chalmers, 2011).

According to the survey report of WHO "2012 World Health Statistics ' , a third of the world 's adults have high blood pressure, the number of deaths due to hypertension is about half of the total number of the deaths due to the stroke and heart disease. With the rapid development of economy and technology, and gradually improve the way people live, continuous improvement of living standards, as well as society as a whole and further exacerbate the degree of aging, hypertension because of its high morbidity and disability has become China major issues of national health and social health, and understand trends in favor of developing high blood pressure and better hypertension prevention and control strategies.

The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension