Historical Context of Galton’s Life Picture England in the Victorian era, living as a wealthy member of the upper class of society. This is how and when Francis Galton lived when he formulated his theories and coined the term nature vs. nurture. The Victorian era was a time of peace and prosperity for England and one of the highest points of England’s power not only domestically but across the entire British Empire. This was a time of industrialization for the country and its widespread influence resulted in great economic growth. This was also one of the largest booms in the population with the country more than doubling its population in 70 years and growing the middle class within the social hierarchy (Hoppen, 1998). The overall mood of the era was one of straight-laced, proper behavior. Literature and the fine arts suffered but scientific research and industrial achievements were praised and encouraged (Hoppen, 1998). This context of the time period is important to consider while looking into Galton’s research. Although some of his theories and work may be inaccurate by what we know today, for his time, his efforts are groundbreaking. England was at the peak of its power during this time and being an affluent member of society, Galton was close to the top of the social hierarchy. He was a well-educated man and after receiving a large inheritance began to dabble in a few realms of science. He began by traveling to Africa as was popular with the British elite at the
Nature versus Nurture is a common topic when discussing one’s personal development while growing up. Children are often affected by how their families treat them and teach them their values and judgements. This sometimes changes the children’s personalities and manners. Because of that the way they’re brought up can also often impact the choices they make in their future lives. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates how children are influenced by their families using the Finch and the Ewell families. Personally, my family has also greatly impacted my life and personality growing up.
“Trying to separate out nature and nurture as explanations for behavior, as in classic genetic studies of twins and families, is now said to be both impossible and unproductive” (Levitt, 1). Social scientists have declared the nature-nurture debate to be unnecessary. Similarly, scientists feel that such debate is not only unhelpful, but also outdated. From geneticists’ perspective, nurture and nature interact to influence
The concept of nature vs nurture is easily one of the oldest and most controversial arguments of modern times. Harvard psychology professor Steven Pinker is notably known in the world of psychology and the social sciences for his book “The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature.” In his book, Pinker addresses this exact argument and reasons that human behavior is mostly and at its roots is formed by evolutionary psychological adaptations. In 2003, Steven Pinker gave a Ted Talk regarding his book and the idea that human behavior is predisposed, rather than formed by socialization, interactions between people and the exposure to culture. Pinker discusses the reasoning behind his stance on nature over nurture using five key discussion points, these points being, human universals, neurology and DNA, political reasoning, the arts and parenting. During his Ted Talk, Pinker begins by stating that there are human universals, concepts, behaviors and traits that are carried and found, with many similarities, throughout every human civilization, he then explains that a common example of this is with twins separated at birth, and can be proven through neurological studies. Another concept that Pinker address to further solidify his stance is the idea that the argument that humans are ‘blank slates’ and human behavior is developed through nurture rather than nature is the political reasoning behind the benefits of everyone being ‘blank slates’. Two critical points he made however
For example, across most of the country 60 per cent of the variation in children's behaviour at school - whether they were unruly or not - was down to their genes”(Collins). People cannot see if this article was pro-nature or pro-nurture, they can only infer, but they basically had supported both sides, not equally tough and if they tried to it was a failure to attempt to say one was more important than the other because there will be always
John Edgar Widerman’s Our Time addresses the controversial nature vs. nurture argument. This essay about John and his brother demonstrates how nurture plays a stronger and bigger role than nature.
In the eyes of Dagny Taggart, Vice-President in charge of operations at Taggart Transcontinental Railroad, John Galt is worthless. The simple thought of his name brings out a bitter taste in her mouth. She thinks he is an empty shell of man who is below even the lowest of criminals. Taggart may as well call John Galt an "it" because he is not worth being called a human being, at the time.
One of the longest running discussions in psychology is the nature vs nurture debate. That is, is human behavior influenced more by environmental factors in one’s life, such as parents, or by genetics and biological factors? In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is described as an outstanding role model for his children, Jem and Scout, teaching them morals, discipline, and important lessons such as the acceptance of those who are different. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne describes Hester Prynne as a strong and independent woman who, despite the circumstances, is a role model for her daughter, Pearl. In spite of having a drunkard for a father, Huck Finn, from Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is
4. Debates about the relative roles of “nature” and “nurture” in human development date from ancient times, but they were especially prominent during the Renaissance. What do the
It might seem somewhat strange to start a history of Suffolk poisonings with an account of the events surrounding a woman who’s address was actaully in Norfolk. The excuse is that her home lay very close to the county boundary and that both her intended and actual victims were living in Suffolk. And, it has to be said that although the details are meagre, the case of Elizabeth Woolterton or Wooltorton as it was spelled in her day makes a refreshing change from most of the other cases that follow in so far as Elizabeth came from yeoman rather than pheasant stock.
Francis Galton’s ideas on heredity were based on the theories of heredity and evolution within The Origin of Species, written by his cousin, Charles Darwin. Galton sought to apply Darwin’s concept of selective breeding to man in an effort to improve upon British society. When speaking to the Sociological Society at London University in 1904, Galton defined eugenics as: “ the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage”(1904). Galton’s initial attempts to apply the concept of eugenics to the improvement of humanity proved futile, up until 1900. According to the historian, Allen E Garland, “ With the rediscovery of Mendel’s law of heredity in 1900, however, the study of heredity in general and eugenics in particular found fertile ground, particularly in the United States (225). Eugenics would fast become a prevalent movement the world over, but nowhere more so than in the United States and
Nature versus nurture has been a popular topic of discussion among psychologists, scientists, educators, and parents. The main focus of the nature versus nurture debate is how it affects human behavior and development. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley emphasises the idea that parents and families have a powerful influence on human behavior, which is demonstrated in the relationship between Creature and Victor. “Folding Beijing” written by Hao Jingfang takes a different perspective on the idea. Through her story she highlights the idea that economic forces shape who we are. Based on information from both Frankenstein and “Folding Beijing”, Mary Shelley’s novel demonstrates the more influential and powerful force of human behavior to
Through history, the idea of nature vs. nurture has been a hotly debated issue. Nature, or genetics is often believed to be the most important aspect of a persons’ upbringing, as nature is something intrinsic to any one person. However, many debate that nurture, or the care and encouragement of any human life, trumps nature. The earliest evidence and rebuttals of these theories have been honed and developed over time by specific psychologists and educational theorists – all who hoped to prove their own ideas as fact at one time in history.
The long-running nature vs. nurture debate explores if a person’s development is a predisposition in their genetics (nature), or if it is a product of the individual’s environment and personal experiences (nurture). In both The Metamorphosis and Frankenstein, both main characters are born into the world free and uncorrupted by society. They then go through a series of changes in their lives and are shaped and influenced by their environment.
The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influences with the environment. There are endless ways of taking an approach to the Nature vs Nurture conflict, thus the reason that it’s truly unclear if its Nature or Nurture or even both what makes us who and what we are.
Throughout history, our society’s socialization, or lifelong social experiences, has been debated upon quite vigorously. It is quite evident that we all obtain certain characteristics and abilities through heredity factors, but many still argue that this is not the only explanation for how our lives are determined. The argument of nature versus nurture is still being discussed by many, although both have been seen to have an impact on our life experiences.