How Did Gregor Mendel Changed The World Of Genetics

Mendel studied pea plants and how they passed along their genes. Plants that bore green peas that bred with other plants that had green peas had green offspring. Mendel would occasionally breed the green pea plants with plants that had yellow pea plants. The pea plants would only inherit one gene from one parent. If a plant produced more offspring, the chance for a green pea plant increased but most of the offspring would be yellow. This means that even though the dominant trait is more noticeable, the recessive trait was still contained inside the offspring. Evolution can occur based on the distribution of genes in a species population. "From what we know of the genetic nature of inheritance, it is also clear that evolutionary processes must entail changes in the genetic composition of populations" (Boyd and Silk

The basis of genetics were established by Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk in the mid to late 1800’s. Through the observations from cross-pollinating pea plants, Mendel was able to discover the basic laws of inheritance. Mendel’s experiment was to cross pollinate pea plants and observe how traits were passed on. He started his experiment with two true breeding pods,

Gregor Mendel theorized that certain combinations of alleles in a genotype would result in a specific ratio of phenotypes expressed in each generation. For example, in the case of the dominant heterozygous anthocyanin genotype, the P1 with (ANL/anl) crossed with the P2 (ANL/anl) would result in a 1:2:1 ratio for genotypes (ANL/ANL), (ANL/anl) and (anl/anl). However,

Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist whose work on heredity became the modern theory of genetics. Mendel was born on July 22, 1822. Born into a poor farming family and it was difficult for poor families to obtain a good education and Johann Mendel saw the only way to escape a life of poverty was to enter the monastery. Where he was changed his name to Gregor Mendel. This monastery was the Augustinian Order of St Thomas, a teaching order with a reputation as a center of learning and scientific enquiry.

In conclusion Mendel helped scientist understand how genes are passed down throughout generations, how they are separated, and how they are dominant or recessive. He has helped the science world tremendously and he has made it so that it is easier for scientist to be able to help people now that have a type of disorder because of the genes that they

30. What attributes of the garden pea plant made it an excellent organism for Gregor Mendel’s genetic studies?

Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, was born in 1822. He was a priest and scientist who became famous for his work and studies on the inheritance patterns using pea plants. Gregor Mendel used pea plants known as Pisumsativum in his research where he developed two fundamental laws of genetics known today as the “Law of segregation”, and the “Law of independent assortment” (Hartl, 1992). The “Law of segregation” states that when an individual produces a gamete, the copies of a given gene separate in which each gamete receives only one copy of that gene. The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation according to the “Law of

Mendel’s first law of inheritance is also known as the law of equal segregation. This law states that the two members of a gene pair segregate equally into gamete cells. In other words, each sex cell contains only one copy of a gene. Mendel discovered the second law—now known as the law of independent assortment—while studying dihybrid crosses. This law states that genes assort independently during gamete formation. This explains how there are different combinations of different phenotypes. In peas, for example, yellow color is not always associated with a round shape. There can be different combinations of round and wrinkled shape with yellow and green color (Griffiths, 2015). Though there are some exceptions to this rule, such as linked genes and sex-linked genes, the traits investigated in this experiment strictly follow Mendelian inheritance.

Gregor Mendel was honorable for his many accomplishments. While experimenting with pea plants, he discovered the laws of inheritance. From this he made Mendel’s Laws of Heredity. He became the vice president of the National Science Society in 1868. He was later a nominee for the Order of Franz Josef in 1872. Finally he was awarded the Medal of the Heitzing Horticultural Society in 1882.

Mendel was able to figure out that traits came in discrete units because he was breeding plants to see how the offspring would come out. He did this experiment to find evidence to support the idea that particles were not blended. He found that when he cross bred the white and red flowers, they came out red and white instead of a shade of pink like expected. Mendel realized that the particles inherited were not blended and that made them discrete units. An example of this would be if traits that we inherit from our parents do not appear in us, then these traits will appear in the next generation we have.

Thomas Hunt Morgan continued Mendel’s work and in 1911, decided to experiment on Drosophila melanogaster, also known as fruit fly. His study on them was due to the fact that they had only 4 chromosomes which 3 were autosomal and 1 was a sex chromosome. His study proved that eye color was sex linked (Cain, Urry, & Reece, 2010). Other traits were not linked. Any mutation can change the result of a mutated gene which would give variations. Such is the case in the eyes of the fruit flies.

The topic of genetics have fascinated scientists ever since the 1800’s when Gregor Mendel became the “father of genetics. Gregor Johann Mendel's study with peas revolutionized the field of biology. Using the peas, he was able create the foundation of genetics. Mendel's study was performed by crossing peas of differing variation to created a sequence of offspring. Initially, monohybrid characteristics, singe traits that only affected each other, were observed. Surprisingly, he found a ratio of 3:1 dominant to recessive genes in the first generation of peas. He also figured out that phenotypes that weren’t seen in the first generation are found in the second generation due to the dominant representation of dominant alleles. Then, dihybrid characteristics,

We are also showing Mendel’s law of segregation with a Dihybrid cross comparing two traits of color and texture.

3. Carlson, Elof Axel. Mendel's Legacy: The Origin of Classical Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2004. Print

Mendel's theory was that genes were independent. For example, the fact that a pea plant inherits red flowers from a parent has no effect on whether it will inherit wrinkled or unwrinkled (Lam 2) skin from that same parent. However, according to Morgan, the genes were not totally independent.