How Does Sung Yop Whang Develop A Hypothesis

Conditions were controlled in an indoor environment with a static temperature of twenty-one degrees Celsius. Data was recorded predominantly through cataloguing visual responses. Respiration rate was determined by regarding the rise and fall of the chest as a count of one. Perspiration, recorded on an escalating scale from one to five, was done by way of observing moisture on the skin. Heart rate was measured by counting heart beats via carotid pulse. Counted measurements were done over fifteen seconds and multiplied by four to give an average per minute.

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

All subjects were healthy third year physiology students (n=10), aged between 19-24. Basal heart rate was measured using an OMRON, time 0, after which each participant consumed 250 ml of Red Bull each. Heart Rate was measured again at 30 mins, 60 mins and 90 mins after the full consumption of Red Bull. For each time point three readings were taken and the average was used. Participants were required to sit down during the whole procedure, and remain claim. A paired t-test was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference in heart rate at the start and end of the trial. Significance level was set at p<0.05.

The top of the Tupperware container was covered with a foil and the crayfish was allowed to sit quietly for 10 minutes. The lab tutor was started and the trace produced was examined. At this point, if no good recording of the heart rate was observed, the electrode connection was adjusted or a new crayfish was obtained. The heart rate was recorded for five – ten minutes, making sure the heart rate was steady. The recording was stopped and the baseline hear rate was recorded. To stress the heart rate, the container was uncovered and the trace on Lab Tutor was started. To make sure that the heart rate is being recorded, the trace was examined. Heart rate was recorded for five to ten minutes to get an annotation for heart rate trace of a stressed

Research has shown that deep breathing exercises can induce an increase in heart rate (Sroufe 1971) because heart rate is also directly correlated with breathing (Egri 2012). When breathing in, heart rate will increase; and while breathing out, heart rate will decrease (Egri 2012). Blood pressure can be reduced with slower breathing (Joseph et al. 2005). An article in the Journal of Human Hypertension showed that doing breathing exercises over a period of time can lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Grossman et al. 2001). The hypothesis in this experiment is that blood pressure and heart rate will be affected by a deep breathing exercise. The null hypothesis was that heart rate and blood pressure will be unchanged while performing a deep breathing exercise. This experiment is significant because it could help people in times of stress or anxiety/panic attacks to learn ways to calm their heart rate and blood pressure down so they may feel better. Being the most common mental illness in the United States and 18% of Americans living with it, research aiding recovery of panic attacks would be extremely useful to the public (Kessler et al. 2005).

The null hypothesis was that no change in heart rate or blood pressure would occur. Our results however, did not support our data. Using p-values (which is the critical value and probability of said-thing happening, (Rightskewed 2010,) for all three categories, (Systolic, diastolic and heart rate,) being .21, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the results are insignificant, that the scary video had no impact on heart rate and blood pressure.

8) Make a graph of heart rate and breathing rate (please put both sets of data on the same graph) versus time after exercise. (from lab paper)

Comparing my Rebreathing Carbon Dioxide graph to my peers, I noticed that we all share an increase in both the breathing rate and depth. Talking to my peers, I noticed that we all mutually had the pressure of the pressure cuff go down once we finished this experiment. This release of pressure most likely occurred because during the different intervals – breathing normally, holding our breaths, slowly breathing, and breathing through the Ziploc bag – the kPa, or unit of pressure, gradually decreased. The relationship between breathing rate and breathing depth is that they strongly influence HRV, or heart rate variability. This is most efficient because the tidal volume decreases as heart rate does too, although the changes are insignificant.

Tim’s heart-rate started at the lowest (70 bpm) and increased the most, ending at 106 bpm. That’s an increase of 36 bmp. Tim is 14 years old and was the unhealthiest of all the subjects with a fitness level of 3. He was the only subject who had any trouble getting through the sit-ups, as he was having a tougher time getting through the last 5 of the set of 20 sit-ups. He was the only subject breathing heavily after the experiment. I believe because Tim had to work harder than any of the other subjects to complete the 20 sit-ups, his heart-rate also increased more.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

Participants were selected randomly. The sample size was 46 male and 39 females. All of them underwent cardiac surgeries and was having hypertension as their co-morbid. The physiotherapists working in cardiac rehabilitation unit noted blood pressures and heart rates before and after exercise daily till the last session. Type of exercise, time duration of each session and work load chosen for all patients were same and that is:

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

The purpose of the experiment is to see how different variables affect pulse rate and blood pressure.

The purpose of these lab exercises is to understand the function and importance of an electrocardiogram. This lab will demonstrate how stress levels or different elevations can affect human heart rate. Furthermore, the equipment used in the experiment will show the functions in the right and left arm; as well as, in the right and left ankles. Finally, the lab will serve a purpose as a way to know how to read an electrocardiogram and calculate the heart rate.

Carry out an experiment to measure the heart rate and ventilation rate before, during and after moderate exercise.