How Does The Concentration Affect The Rate Of Reaction

In reference to the collision theory, molecules act as small spheres that collide and bounce off each other, transferring energy among themselves when the collide. In order for a reaction to occur, there must be collisions between molecules. Through experimentation, factors are discovered that influence the reaction rates of chemical reactions include the concentration of reactants, temperature, surface area, the physical state of reactants, and a catalyst. This experiment regarding the factors that affect reaction rate tests the effects of increased concentration and

From the results that were collect throughout the experimental investigation has proved the hypothesis to only be partially right. Multiple tests were made when conducting the experiment, two clear solutions were combined at various temperatures and concentrations. The hypothesis states that by adjusting the concentration of the reactants will cause the reaction to either speed up at a higher concentration or slow down at a lower concentration. In the reaction temperature should have a similar effect on the experiment, in that increasing the temperature will cause an increase of particle movement and cause more collision, thus increasing the reaction rate. Therefore decreasing the temperature will decrease the rate of the reaction. From the results given in Tables 2 and 3 it shown that every time the concentration is halved the time is increased. When the concentrations of both KIO3 and NaHSO3 are decreased the time has increased, some concentrations having a higher increase than others. In each concentration decrease the time is at least doubled from the previous concentration time, which is therefore increasing the rate of the reaction.

A reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction rate is affected by surface area by increasing the more surface area there is, because there are more particles exposed to the other reactant. For example, if a solid is grinded into a powder, the reaction rate will be quicker as there is more surface area.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID IS A CORROSIVE SUBSTANCE WHICH CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO SKIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES. IT HAS STRONG VAPORS. WEAR GOGGLES AND AN APRON. YOUR TEACHER WILL SHOW YOU HOW TO POUR THE ACID SAFELY. IF YOU SPILL ACID ON YOURSELF, WASH IT OFF WITH LOTS OF RUNNING WATER. A FEW DROPS SPILLED ON THE LAB BENCH CAN BE CLEANED UP WITH A PAPER TOWEL. A LARGE SPILL SHOULD BE NEUTRALIZED WITH BAKING SODA, AND THE RESULTING NEUTRAL SUBSTANCE CAN THEN BE WASHED INTO THE SINK WITH A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has risks as it is a corrosive compound. Corrosive compounds, including HCl, can cause injuries such as burning and eating away skin and eyes. To prevent such injuries, do not come into physical contact with HCl. Wear safety glasses, safety gloves and lab clothing.

This means that substances that absorb more hydrogen ions will produce faster reactions times due to higher temperatures. The data obtained from this experiment did not support the claim hypothesized. In the hypothesis it was stated that the acidic solution would produce the fastest reaction time. At the end of the completed experiment it was discovered that the basic solution produced the fastest reaction time of 60.771 seconds, while the acidic solutions reaction time was 65.971 seconds, and the neutral solution produced a 63.425 reaction time. Some potential problems that could have arouse during this experiment were that not all beakers contained the same amount of substance. Since the liquids were measured with the naked eye there is a chance that amount of solutions in each beaker were different. Another potential issue could have been not allowing all of the antacid tablet to dissolve before stopping the timer. This issue much like the one stated before would be hard to tell by just looking at the experiment with a naked eye. Perhaps in another experiment looking to test pH and reaction times an experimenter should take solutions ranging across the pH scale and change the temperature of each substance to see how temperature can affect the reaction

When handling the Acid or Base to avoid getting any substance in eyes: Use protective eyewear

In workshop 2, we have substances such as ferric chloride, fine etch crystals and photoresist developer. Whilst handling these substances we must wear protective goggles to avoid any splash or fumes getting in contact with the eyes causing redness, irritation and blurred vision. Gloves and protective clothing to avoid any spillage contacting the skin and causing irritation, burns or pain. We use vapour respirator to avoid any inhalation of any toxic fumes causing coughing or sore throat and wash our hands after handling to avoid indigestion causing abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, shock or collapse.

Before conducting the Activity Series Lab, participants must know how to protect themselves against the possible dangers that the hazardous materials from the lab can cause. Some of the things they must understand include proper safety precautions and how to protect against corrosive or poisonous materials. For instance, Copper (II) Chloride, one of the solutions used in the lab, can cause severe eye irritation. One way to protect against this is by wearing goggles, or other eye protection equipment. Another substance used in the lab is Silver Nitrate, a body tissue irritant. Participants must wash off the substance quickly if it comes into contact with their skin to prevent any serious damage. Not only is it vital to know how to be safe around the chemicals, but to fully understand the lab, participants must be able to recognize the clues to a chemical change.

In this experiment we tested the effects that enzymes and substrate have on chemical reaction rates, which is the rate at which chemical reactions occur.. This experiment tested how different concentrations of enzyme and substrate affected the light absorption measurements on a spectrophotometer. The experiment also tested how temperature affected the light absorption, and in a separate test, the effect of the enzyme inhibitor hydroxylamine was also tested. In the first test conducted, 3 different concentrations of enzyme, and three different concentrations of substrate were measured in a spectrophotometer. For the enzyme and the substrate, the measurements got higher as the concentrations were higher, but the over measurements of the substrate were smaller than those of the enzyme. In the second test conducted, the medium concentration enzyme was tested under the temperatures; 4°C, 23°C, 37°C, and 60°C. The measurements in this test got higher as the temperature got higher, but did the measurements under 4°C were overall significantly higher than the other temperature measurements. Lastly, the last test conducted showed that the measurements of the substance with 0 and 1 drop of hydroxylamine inhibitor went up, but the measurements of the enzyme with 5 drops of hydroxylamine inhibitor stayed rather low and did not change much. In conclusion, these experiments showed that chemical reaction rates are sped up with higher concentrations of enzyme, substrate,

Caution – Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to eyes, skin and clothes. Wearing a lab apron, rubber gloves, goggles, and a face shield is essential. Rinse any spills on skin or clothing with plenty of cold water. Clean up spills immediately – ask your instructor for help.

Wore clean, intact safety glasses to avoid any splashes of chemicals that may contact the eye, and recorded qualitative data of reactants, such as colour, odour, shape etc., of hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal ribbon prior to the experiment.

For this lab, we must be sure to always wear our safety glasses whenever we are in the laboratory and wear gloves when we are conducting an experiment. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate used in this experiment can be mild irritants to the skin. We must be careful not to get them on our skin or

Enzymes are a protein that replicates a catalyst which helps chemical reactions begin to move without the enzymes being changed in the process. Enzymes work to complete only one task. But there are a variety of different enzymes in the body that each one has their specific task to complete. Something that enzymes do is they are used in making foods, used for digestion. Many of the chemical reactions in the body have a bunch of energy in them when they happen, which means it can occur in a faster amount of time. Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy. An inhibitor makes the reaction slow down. In this experiment we are testing how three factors affect a chemical reaction. We will be representing different objects or materials as the enzyme. We will use three objects or body part: a taped hand, a hand with a tennis ball in it, and a rendered hand. The importance of this experiment is to see how three different elements affect the chemical rate of a chemical reaction.

To keep this a fair test I have made sure that the acid used is the