Human Resource Management : Influence Of Organization Culture

Culture can be defined as “a set of basic tacit assumptions about how the world is and ought to be that a group of people share and that determines their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and, to some degree, their overt behaviour” (Schein, 1996). Organizational culture is depend on differences in norms and shared values which are learned in workplace and to direct behaviour of members in the particular organisation. (Cabrera, Cabrera& Barajas 2001) Organisational culture was built on its shared beliefs and values which was the guidance to solve problems.

There is a positive relationship between HRM practices, organizational commitment and organizational behavior (Arnett and Obert, 1995). All HRM practices and initiatives are applied for attaining the same organizational objectives. HRM perspectives can be substantiated as the acceptable or incorporation concept (Sivasubramanian and Koreck, 1995).

The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader 's beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially new comers. When leaders promote ethical culture, they become successful in maintaining organizational growth, the good services demanded by the society, the ability to address problems before they become disasters and consequently are competitive against rivals. The leader 's success will depend to a large extent, on his knowledge and understanding of the organizational culture. The leader who understands his organizational culture and takes it seriously is capable of predicting the outcome of his decisions in preventing any anticipated consequences. What then is organizational culture? The concept of organizational culture has been defined from many perspectives in the literature. There is no one single definition for organizational culture. The topic of organizational culture has been studied from many perspectives and disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, organizational behavior, and organizational leadership to name a few. Deal defines organizational culture as values,

“Organizational culture consists of a set of shared meanings and values held by a set of members in an organization that distinguish the organization from other organizations” (Baack, 2012). These shared values have a strong influence on the people in the organization and dictate how they dress, act, and perform their jobs. Culture plays a huge role in the guiding of the behaviors of employees of an organization. There are three stages of culture that interact with one another to influence the behaviors in the organization. These stages are: observable artifacts, espoused values, and enacted values.

The organizational culture can encourage or discourage effectiveness, depending on the nature of the values, beliefs, and norms” (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011). Organizational culture can be very friendly, very task oriented, competitive or driven to be highly productive or it can be disorganized and unproductive. The culture is based on the history of the company and the atmosphere that is created and nurtured over time. This culture guides the language the employees use their loyalty and many more areas. Organizational culture is an important social characteristic that influences organizations, group, and individual behavior with in a company (Hartnell, Ou, & Kinicki, 2011). The Culture of an organization affects the way people behave, how they address customers, the atmosphere, perception, values, and beliefs. Employee’s performance and effectiveness can also be determined by an organization’s culture. Every organization has its own culture based on shared expectations, values and attitudes and its influence on individuals and groups (Ivancevich et al., 2011). People inside of an organization have a big effect on the culture because of their values, beliefs, and ideology. Companies try to hire people who have the same values as the company so that they will fit into the organization. People stay with organizations that have a

Organizational culture comprises the fundamental values, assumptions, and beliefs held in common by members of an organization (O’Hagan, & Persaud, 2009). What is known is that employees often impart the organizational culture to their colleagues whereupon the culture effects how employees relate to one another and their work environment. What can be said is that the development of an organization’s culture is dependent on elements such as structure, change and policies (Urrabazo, 2006). Furthermore, according to Griffin, Moorhead and Gregory (2009), it is recognized that employee’s behaviours and attitudes can be influenced in a

Every organization, whether being a construction agency, a retail store, a manufacturing plant or a government agency has its own unique culture. Organizational culture is the collection of shared values, beliefs, rituals, stories and myths that foster a feeling of community among organizational members. The culture of an organization is in most cases, the reflection if the deeply held values and behaviors of a small group of individuals. In a large organization the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and other executives will shape the culture. In a small company, the culture may flow from the values held by the founder.

The work by Mayo in the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that the employment relationship was important, and that were employees felt the employer cared and they felt important they were likely to work harder (Gillespie, 1993). Employees regularly state that the best employers are those that provide a workplace which is stimulating and enjoyable, where there is trust and they feel they are treated equitably (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2011). While some of these elements may be assessed by looking at issues such as compensation and working condition, they are all likely to reflect the organizational culture and the attitude towards looking after employees. Therefore, before looking at specific strategies and approaches to different aspects of HR, the concept of culture, which will impact on all areas of operations needs to be considered.

Organizational culture is a set of key values, assumptions, and beliefs that are shared by an organization's members. The combined key values create a custom attitude or culture that is followed by the organization's members. The culture represents the "personality of the organization" (McNamara, 1999). Through the observation of employee behavior one can help predict an organization's culture that influences its business attitude. Organizational culture can also help distinguish two companies from each other. One company may have an aggressive culture while the other a more conservative culture. Most importantly, organizational culture is a key element that helps define, support and reinforces the standard for appropriate

Culture affects organizations because their individuals are influenced by cognitive and motivational perspectives. From a cognitive perspective, individuals are able to learn from different sets of values that permit them to organize and process information about human resources management practices. And, from the motivational perspective, we can understand how individuals view themselves and their relationship with others. Both perspectives, cognitive and motivational, permit to have knowledge about the mechanism of cultural influences in the human resources philosophy, policies and programs in the organizations.

Organizational culture refers to the values and behaviors essential in the contribution or development of unique social and psychological environment with reference to an organization. This is an indication that organizational culture is inclusive of the expectations, philosophy, values, and experiences that focus on holding an organization together with the aim of enhancing its image and reputation to the outsiders. Organizational culture relates to the attitudes, beliefs, written and unwritten rules, and customs shared by entities of an organization with the aim of developing an effective and efficient approach or image (Free et al, 2007). There various ways through which an organization expresses or demonstrates its culture to the outside entities.

The term “Organization Culture” refers to the value and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. Organization culture that includes the organization expectation, experiences and values that hold together and expressed its self-image, working, interaction with the other country and future expectation. Based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs and written and unwritten the rules that have been develop over time and are considered valid. It also called corporate culture and it’s shown in the ways the organization conduct its business, treat the employees and wider the community. Other than that, freedom is allowed in decision making that develop the new ideas

Organizational culture, invisible and often overlooked, affects everyone. It is the unspoken way of doing things or things you don’t do. This is extremely interesting to me and I am looking forward to do further research into this topic to discover some answers.

The organizational culture helps to keep their workers motivated and engaged in different working tasks. This keeps the employees loyal and sincere to their companies. When the workers consider themselves an important part of the company and consider their work crucial then they feel loyal and sincere towards their company and they feel urged to contribute their role in the company’s success. The sense of accomplishment further motivates them to play a role in organization success.

HRM has a strategic role in managing employees and the office culture and environment. Nonetheless, if effective it can contribute