Human Tooth, Tooth Decay

Adults normally have a set of 32 teeth that are built to serve different purposes. In general, teeth are classified into one of four functional

Primates have four distinct tooth types, which include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars (Larsen, 2008). Dental formulas have been developed by anthropologists with

The process of two layers of tissue skin came together and fused to create teeth leads to all the other skin related features such as the feathers, hair, fur and breast. The written instruction to create teeth for humans and fish is the very similar with elements of the protein enamel, dentine, and the pulp present in all teeth.

Several people live with teeth problems, and it is a promulgated fact that losing one’s teeth comes with numerous challenges to the nutritional and aesthetic health of an individual. One can lose their tooth or teeth, to numerous causes like injury, tooth decay, or even deformities. The most common solution to this problem is undergoing dental implant surgery.

A lot of sugary foods, from fruit juices to candy and even raisins and other dried fruit, have what dentists refer to as cariogenic properties, which means they can cause tooth decay. Though other foods have cariogenic properties soda definitely has the largest percentage of these properties.

Dental plaque- The plaque accumulates around the teeth naturally. The plaque hardens leading to periodontal diseases, and tooth decay. The periodontal diseases include periodontitis and

Early intervention and care can prevent most of the oral health diseases. Nevertheless, dental caries remains the most common chronic disease among children and adolescents in the United States (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). About 14.4% of children aged 3-5 years had untreated dental caries in 2009 -2010 (Dye 2012). In addition to pain and discomfort, untreated deciduous tooth caries can spread to roots and may lead to loss of tooth. This can subsequently affect the successor permanent tooth eruption leading to malocclusion which in turn can result in permanent teeth caries. Between 2007 and 2010, 15.6% of children aged 6-19 years had untreated dental caries (National Center for Health Statistics, 2014).

Incisors have total of eight teeth, which are found in the front and centre of the mouth containing four on the bottom and four on the top. They usually the first teeth to appear at around 6 months of age and first set of permanent teeth between 6 and 8 years of age. The incisors have flat surface and a sharp horizontal edge used for biting and cutting food. Canines have total of four teeth develop beside incisors dividing two on the bottom and two on the top. However, canines are stronger than incisors, these are the sharpest teeth used for tearing and shredding food. There are two different type of molars but has similar functions of chewing and grinding food. The first four premolars appear around age 10 and grows on each side of the mouth between canines and molars; two on the upper and two on the lower jaw. Primary molars appear between 12 and 15 months of age then replaced by the first and second permanent premolars in total of eight; four upper and four lower. They first erupt around 6 years of age whilst second molars appear between 11 and 13 years of age. (Connie Brichford,

Some of the objectives in the Healthy People 2020 covered were reducing the proportion of dental caries in primary or permanent teeth as well as untreated tooth decay in children and adolescents and increasing the proportion of preventative dental services such as dental sealants on molar teeth among low-income children and adolescents. These objectives are useful in understand the bigger issue of dental caries as a societal problem and the measures needed to reduce the prevalence.

Eight- to 17-year-old children are at greatest risk. Normally, as the young, immature enamel is bathed by salivary ions and the intercrystallinespaces fill, it becomes progressively harder and more mature. Mature enamel appears as a very dense, less penetrable, glassy hard structure that is fairly resistant to acid attack.However, enamel maturation takes time. The newly erupted enamel in teenagers is immature, and the crystalline structure is porous, chalky, and easily penetrated and dissolved by acids.4 Even in the absence of carbohydrates,soft drinks can be destructive to teeth. These acidic, or lowpH, beverages can contribute to the demineralization of dental hard tissues.Dental erosion is the loss of tooth structure by a chemical process not involving bacteria.5 Initially,enamel will demineralize and dissolve, with the surface appearing dull. Acids can also enter the pits of enamel and cause subsurface structure loss.6 The solubility of hydroxyapatite increases logarithmic-ally with decreasing pH.Erosion may be caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic sources. The intrinsic causes have been documented to include cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, as well as any

In mammals, development of the face begins with the formation of five facial prominences surrounding the primitive mouth: the fronto-nasal prominence on the rostral side, a pair of maxillary prominences laterally and a pair of mandibular prominences caudally. These facial prominences are populated by cranial neural crest cells that originate at the dorsal edge of the developing rostral neural tube (Jiang et al.,

After tooth loss, your smile just isn’t the same. It’s also harder to speak correctly or even to chew your food. Fortunately, dentures can replace the function of your lost teeth and restore your smile. A denture is made up of one or more artificial teeth attached to a frame that is custom-made to fit your mouth. Your denture set can restore functionality and support your facial bone structure. If you take care of them, your replacement teeth can last for years.

Dental caries refer to the indications and manifestations of local dissolution of enamel caused by metabolic processes in the biofilm, or plaque, covering the affected part of the tooth. From twelve to thirty months of age, children have a special pattern of caries formation. This pattern primarily begins by affecting primary maxillary incisors and then first molars. The primary mandibular incisors are not as susceptible to caries formation due to the close proximity to the tongue and saliva from the sublingual and submandibular glands (5). Early childhood caries (ECC) begins with white-spot lesions and can affect the whole

A cavity is caused by bacteria sitting on the tooth and eating through the enamel. The bacteria is also known as plaque. Acid

Humans spent thousands of dollars going to the dentists so we can keep using our teeth healthy and be able to chew on food that we eat every day. Teeth are earliest development and the lead to many other features. They were first seen in eel like vertebrate, the Conodonts that had armor teeth like structure that were made from the interaction of two skin layers. Also found in the ancient fish called Ostracoderms (Shubin, p.77). Its head were composed of tiny bone shield that were made from the teeth like structures. Teeth were developed to process food. The development of teeth was composed of two layers of the tissue in the skin. The protein in the outer layer of the skin produce enamel and the inner layer produces the dentine and the pulp inside the tooth (Shubin, p.78). The process of two