CE2041-Hydraulic Engineering
Experiment No. 6 Flow under a Vertical sluice gate
Module leader: Dr Keith Shepherd
Student Name:
Submission Date: Mon 08/10/2012
Flow under a vertical sluice gate: Part A: Free discharge:
Part A: Free discharge y1=0.3680±0.0005m y2=0.0280±0.001m y3=0.0310±0.003m y4=0.1640±0.010m
x=0.045m
Time for 1 cube of water to pass the channel =47.2s
Part A: Q1: viii)
Theoretical y2 = 0.0262m
Measured y2 = 0.0280±0.001m
Energy discrepancy = 0.0443J
Based on the hydraulic theory velocity=discharge / height, with the same discharge, lower height of stream flows with higher velocity than stream with greater height. The energy equation K.E.=mv22 and E=y+v22g also show Measured y2 contains lower
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Immediately after the process of hydraulic jumping, the hydraulic flow performs turbulent flow, which indicates the particles are likely to be moving in irregular directions, which increases the pressure to the boundary, and therefore the energy dissipated is greater.
Part A: Q3: vii)
Discuss briefly the use of a hydraulic jump for energy dissipation. * Its aim is to perform as an energy-dissipating device to reduce energy level of water flows. * It reduces uplift pressure under the foundations of hydraulic structures. * It raises the water level on the downstream side of a measuring flume and maintains high water level in the side of a measuring flume and also maintains high water level in the channel for irrigation or other water-distribution purpose. * It reduces pumping heads. * It used to for mixing of certain chemicals like in case of water treatment plants.
Part A: Q1: vii)
Theoretical y2 = 0.0897m
Measured y2 = 0.0960±0.008m
There are difficulties in recording y2 as y2 is located within hydraulic jump. Water flow transforms to turbulent flow at the point which hydraulic jump occurs, therefore the possible error in depth is expected to be great.
Flow under a vertical sluice gate: Part B: Drowned Discharge:
y1=0.4260±0.0001m
y2=0.0960±0.0008m
Prevents loss of time and delays in order to clear up mess before using equipment.
Going far down into the unknown waters where humans would be crushed. Workers can save by robots from performing dangerous tasks.
The goal of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula for a hydrate of magnesium sulfate and water. The technique that was used was measure the mass of the hydrate and then apply heat to evaporate the water. Then determine the mass of water that was in the hydrate and the mass of the remaining magnesium sulfate. The equation for the hydrate is determined by calculating the mole to mole ratio of the water and the anhydrous. The resulting formula will be formated as: MgSO4*_H2O
Both the orifice and the Venturi meters produce a restriction in the flow and measure the pressure drop across the meter. The velocity of a fluid is expected to increase as the fluid flows from an open area, to a more constricted area. Assuming incompressible flow, a negligible height change, and steady state, Bernoulli’s equation can be simplified to show the correlation between the volumetric flow rate and the pressure drop. The equation for both meters is as follows:
In that way, you can use it for other purposes, including watering your trees. That's why you should stop up your bath tub when taking a tower and gather the water up in a bucket.
It has a unique spray system, with an on board pump bulb that can be easily pressurized. Use the spray system for an emergency shower, to cool down pets, cool down you, or fill a pet's water bowl without contaminating the mouth piece. Use the spray to irrigate wounds on yourself and others and to fill drinking cups or spray directly in the mouth of others from the bladder without contaminating the mouth piece. The water is under
1. Maintain a constant water level (head) difference between the two sides of the tank as shown in the diagram by allowing water to overflow through the overflow and outflow tubes. Measure the water level (head) difference.
Following, a Puls flood routing method was used to simulate the event again with theoretical values. The relationship between discharge and discharge with storage over time was obtained and used to calculate theoretical values of discharge and water Level. These were compared with experimental results and a strong correlation was observed.
The dam should be intended to decrease the measure of silt that are kept upstream and to augment the residue downstream.
was to drain energy from the vegetation, thus causing decay, but also provide crowd control effects like
(iii) Incorporation of spillway into dam body: Due to the slope of the downstream face of 1:0.8 (gravity dams) to 1:0.4 (arch-gravity dams), the spillway can directly be incorporated into the dam body which helps to accommodate large floods and which are in need of large spillways.
The word “aquation” used in the title of the experiment represents how one or more molecules of water are incorporated into another division. This could occur with or without one or more atoms added into the group.4 This process takes place in this experiment where 1,10-phenanthroline is considered as the other division. Water molecules are incorporated into1,10-phenanthroline.
It also helps cool temperatures as well. The odor removing device can be fitted as well, so as to remove odor from the marijuana plants while circulating air.
that enables flow time to decrease and eliminates the checking for not defective stage. According to
Refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes such as cleaning, manufacturing, and agricultural irrigation.