Hypoxia and Aviation Outline/Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review 4 2.1 Hypoxia and Flying 4 2.2 Pressurized Atmosphere and Hypoxia 7 3. Methodology 10 4. Analysis/Discussion 11 5. Conclusion 15 6. Recommendations 16 7. Reference List 17 1. Introduction The paper presents a review, analysis and a study on hypoxia faced by pilots at higher altitudes. The problems faced by pilots of commercial flights and the ways and means of dealing with them with the use of technology used in military planes will be the point of discussion and focus. The usage of technology that minimize the conditions of hypoxia at higher altitudes and reduction of its …show more content…
It is necessary to know about the variation of effects of hypoxia if any on the persons depending on their age and sex. As the effects of hypoxia may or may not present for a long-time, it is necessary to conduct tests on the pilots regarding hypoxia for each flight or in some airlines, they test pilots for the effects of hypoxia before each flight (Sharma L: 2007) so that necessary medication could be given. However, according to Good W.A (1991, 104) the performance of the pilots might be degraded with ‘both prescribed and over the counter medications as well as by the medical conditions for which they are taken’ (Good W.A; 1991, 104). Normally, the medicines of hypoxia are sedative, tranquilizer or antihistamine. These medicines make a pilot ‘much more susceptible to hypoxia’ (Good W.A; 1991, 104) and hence it is necessary for the pilots to minimize the use of over the counter medicines. In addition to the above precautions alcohol can impair the pilot even many hours after its consumption and digestion due to hangover. The impairment of pilot may cause flight accidents and some of the major accidents give ground to the argument that hypoxia may be the reason for the inability that caused
is the air resistance on any given object that is moving in the presence of air. In the
Respiratory Therapy is a health profession that specializes in Cardio Pulmonary functions and health. Respiratory therapists help with prevention, assessing patients, treatment, diagnostic evaluation, education, and care. They treat patients from all ages, from babies to the elderly. The requirements in becoming a Respiratory Therapist are taking Human Anatomy, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Mathematics at a high school or college level. To begin the Respiratory Therapy Program out of high school you have to have a C or better in Chemistry, Anatomy, Algebra 2 minimum, and English. If these courses were not taken in high school, they would need to be taken at the college level to complete the prerequisites to apply for
Excited delirium syndrome is a rare but dangerous disease generally recognized by agitation, aggression, disorientation, and sometimes sudden death. Often associated with drug usage. There has been some documentation as early as the 1800s, but it manly started to come back around in the 1980s. These patients will often need to be restrained, usually by law enforcement, and pose a great danger to the crew’s safety until restrained and sedated. Excited deliriums cause is somewhat unknown. There is much conflict from researcher’s on the why and how.
70% of her right lung is collapsed and is not taking part in gas exchange
Respiratory therapy refers to both a subject area within clinical medicine and to a distinct health care profession. During the 20th century, there were many health care fundamental transformations. Here are 10 possible predictions of what may occur in the future of respiratory care: (1) Less focus on raising PaO2 as a primary goal in managing patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. (2) More attention to
a person is at a level for anesthesia and, depending on tolerance and body weight, could possibly die; And finally at .4% death is likely. People like drinking alcoholic beverages because of the feeling of courage, being care-
An assessment of the level of consciousness (LOC) should be carried out during the primary survey of all patients, using the ABCDE approach Cole (2009: 28). Any initial or subsequent reduction in the LOC of the patient may be caused by hypoxia; hypovolaemia; head injury; drug or medicine use; hypoglycaemia; hypothermia or alcohol ingestion (Cole, 2009:44).
Hypoxemia is defined as low levels of oxygen in the body. Based on the Rush university medical center respiratory protocol, Refractory hypoxemia is defined as Sp02 < 300 mm Hg; ARDS = PaO 2 /FIO 2 ratio <200 mm Hg”2. According to Chest article, patients with ARDS who are placed on mechanical ventilation showed an improvement in oxygen and disease severity with 24 hours, plus their mortality was increased from 13% to 28% . So lung protective maneuvers should be continued. The literature review showed that the use of high levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), recruitment maneuvers,
Altitude training is practised by endurance athletes who train for several weeks at high altitude, Over 2,500 metres above sea level, or at intermediate altitudes due to the shortage of suitable altitude training locations. Even at intermediate levels the air still contains approximately 20.9% oxygen, but partial pressure of oxygen is reduced (West J., et al, 1996)
The movement of millions of passengers over distances thought impossible decades ago is symbolic of the modern air transportation era that is characterized by speed, comfort and personal convenience. The commerce of aviation, both the operation of commercial aircraft for profit and the development of aeronautical systems, is also an important symbol of national prestige and a powerful economic force. Safety in air transportation is therefore a matter of significant national importance.
The effects associated with alcohol are produced by the ethanol in the alcohol. The severity of these effects is reflected by the concentration of alcohol in an individual’s blood, which is dictated by the amount of alcohol ingested, the volume of blood, the individual’s metabolism, and amount of time since ingestion. In large doses, alcohol acts as a depressant of the central nervous-system. A blood alcohol level of 0.1% affects some of the motor areas of the brain associated with speech, balance and manual dexterity. A blood alcohol level of 0.2% depresses all motor functions and the area concerned with emotions is depressed. At a blood alcohol level of 0.45% the entire section of the brain that handles perception is depressed and the individual becomes comatose. At a blood alcohol level of 0.7% the parts of the brain that control the heartbeat and breathing are depressed and the individual
A problem air forces were faced with was how to secretly fly over enemy airspace. However, flying above 15,000 feet without air for sustained periods of time leads to unconsciousness in humans. Originally, this problem was solved with face masks that provided oxygen to pilots, allowing them to fly up to 25,000 feet. Following the face mask, a pressurized full body suit, much like a modern day cosmonaut suit, was introduced, which extended an airplane’s reach to up to 40,000 feet. However, no pilot or passenger really wanted to be required to fully suit up every time they boarded an airplane, no matter how high they went. Therefore, the problem to be answered was how to maintain a pressurized environment with sufficient oxygen, while still allowing the crew to “work in their
A. Detection of carbon monoxide can be difficult due to it not having any odor, color or taste, but there are ways to help you detect this silent killer.
percent by weight of the oceans and, as a constituent of most rocks and minerals,
Flynn, C.F.; Sturges, M.S.; Swarsen, R.J.; and Kohn, G.M. Alcoholism and treatment in airline aviators: One company's results. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 64(4):314-318, 1993.