ING5 Case Study

Stem cell derivatives may be a beneficial source of transplantable cells that may be able to repair and regenerate certain tissues. If this could be accomplished, the medical benefits would be enormous, such as helping Parkinson disease, MS, diabetes, and muscular dystrophies. Although, this could be an extremely important advancement in the field of medicine, there exist many ethical and religious issues that look down upon destroying embryos for research. The stem cells that are focused on in this report are embryonic stem cells. However, adult stem cells may also be used to give rise to lineages of cells that are more specialized than themselves. They are more differentiated than embryonic stem cells. Research using adult stem cells is much less controversial since they can be obtained without destroying an embryo. There is also a strong political aspect that has been brought up in recent discussions regarding groups who try to push adult stem cell research over embryonic stem cell research since they consider it a more permissible option. In contrast, people in favor of embryonic stem cell research try to discredit the potential of adult stem cell studies.

Breast Cancer is a type of cancer where in the breast cells growth are uncontrolled. To enhance our understanding of breast cancer, knowing how any cancer can develop is crucial. Cancer develops as a result of the alteration of the genes, or abnormal changes in the genes accountable for managing the growth of the cells and maintaining their health. In each nucleus, the genes operates as the “control room.” The cells in our bodies replace themselves through a process called cell growth in which the

In order to get stem cells from embryos, the embryo must be destroyed, and many people view this as killing a human, making it immoral. These embryonic cells can be given different tasks such as making a specific organ, and this is how different body parts can be made. Stem cells have been published in newspapers since 1998, but no institute or company invested money or time into stem cells until 2001, when the Canadian Institute of Health Sciences decided to fund the research of stem cells. Stem cells have three general properties, which are being capable of dividing and renewing for long periods, they have to be unspecialized, and they have to be able to give rise to specialized cells (NIH 3). Stem cells are unspecialized cells in embryos and umbilical cords that can be modified using signals in order to make specialized cells which then have the ability form into various different body parts such as livers, kidneys, hearts, and other major organs. The process of when an unspecialized stem cell turns into a specialized stem cell is called differentiation (NIH 1). In order for unspecialized stem cells to become specialized, one of the two types of signals should be used. The first signal is called internal. Internal signals occur inside a cell by its own genes, which are encoded on strands of DNA. The second signal is called external and this is possible with external support such as chemicals, physical contact, or other molecules in the

D. Based on this information (see Jiambalvo page 295), estimate the incremental profit per year associated with adding the new inspection station.

this research would be to identify the factors that are involved in the cell making process that determines cell specialization. A few of our extreme medical conditions, like birth defects and cancer, are a direct result of abnormal cell specialization. If researchers obtain a better understanding of the normal cellular process, they can isolate the causes of these deadly illnesses. The most exciting potential use for stem cells is the generation of tissues and cells. Many diseases are a direct result from complications of cellular functions or destruction of tissues in the body. Many people donate organs and tissues to replace failing or destroyed tissues. Unfortunately, there are many more people suffering from these disorders than there are organs to transplant. That is where stem cells step in. They will give humans a chance to have a renewable source of cells and tissues that will treat a slue of diseases, and disabilities such as, Parkinson’s, stroke, burns, Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injury, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are grown in the laboratory from cells found in the early embryo. ESCs have an unlimited chance to

To give a short overview of the steps that will be taken to complete the study. Obtaining stem cells, whether adult, embryonic or induced, shall be done using healthy mouse models and after ethical approval has been gained. The process to derive them will be detailed below, however they are also purchasable commercially with the benefit of being well studied and accompanied by a detailed analysis of properties, however with a

All the human embryonic stem cell lines currently in use come from four to five-day-old embryos left over from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. In IVF, researchers mix a man 's sperm and a woman 's eggs together in a lab dish. Some of those eggs will become fertilized. At about five days the egg has divided to become a hollow ball of roughly 100 cells called a blastocyst which is smaller than the size of the dot over an “i”. ("Myths and Misconceptions About Stem Cell Research.")

There are a number of advantages associated with the stem cell research. As these stern cells obtained from embryos possess the capability to renew them and can set apart into a broad cell type range, the research on these stem cells can have potential comprehensive and influential applications. One of the great examples of this is the fact that embryonic stem cell research can have significant benefits for those who suffer from Type I diabetes. Moreover, embryonic stem cell research put forwards remarkable

Stem cell research is the future of medical and biological research and remedies, and it is fascinating to watch the progression of this new and important science as it unfolds. These cells were discovered in mouse embryos in the 1980s, and are remarkable because of their potential to grow into a variety of different kinds of cells within a body. Common in fetuses, and more rare in adult animals of all kinds, stem cells can be manipulated in useful ways to repair many tissues, dividing limitlessly for therapeutic purposes. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or to differentiate into more specialized tissue, such as nerve, pancreas, bone marrow, or unique blood components. Initially

Thank you for your response. You are correct in the punctuation and grammar. Rereading and constructively reviewing grammar and punctuation will be done Some issues like the Illustration versus Table I have not yet found in the APA manual but i know now and I have changed that. No changes in my methodology, except maybe only passing out the survey once versus twice. You and I had spoke of only passing it out one time to the staff, but it was after the approval. This is to late to resubmit, so I will continue as written in the IRB approval.

The generation of stem cells from zygotes and blastomeres retain the ability to create all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues (13) these are deemed ‘totipotent’, while cells that generate embryonic and cannot generate extraembryonic tissues are deemed ‘pluripotent’. Induced cells that are in a differentiable state, pluripotent, are the cells chosen to advance medicine. Cells selected for induced pluripotency cannot be terminally differentiated, as these cells lose their ability to be developed into other cells types (14). Pluripotency can be induced by the study of embryonic stem cells. These cells express factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc), deemed Yamanaka factors (15) and described as such in this review. There are currently four main methods for delivering these factors including viral vectors, DNA-based induction, RNA molecules and recombinant proteins (fig 1.) (16,17).

Many scientists believe that embryonic stem cell (ESC) research is the key to curing diseases such as cancer and HIV. Stem cells are so important to biomedical research because they are primitive cells that are capable of replicating indefinitely producing a multitude of different types of cells. This means that one of these pre-determined cells has to potential of becoming any range of over two hundred tissues with epithelial cells to blood and

Scientists are interested in stem cells for their ability to become any type of cell in the body, a process called differentiation. Theoretically, this allows for limitless possibilities in disease

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells isolated from blastocysts, and are highly useful in studying human development (Itzkovitz-Eldor et al., 2000 p. 88). Although the National Institute of Health states that “it is not known if iPSCs and embryonic stem cells differ in clinically significant ways”, iPSCs are already being used to achieve the same results as ESCs in some applications without the use of embryos, removing the ethical concern associated with ESCs (National Institutes of Health, 2009). ESCs are capable of differentiating into all cell types, and can be used as a source of differentiated cells. In the report by Itskovitz-Eldor et al., they discuss the induced differentiation of ESCs in suspension into embryoid bodies, including the three embryonic germ layers. The authors state that “the ability to induce formation of human embryoid bodies that contain cells of neuronal, hematopoietic and cardiac origins will be useful in studying early human embryonic development” (Itzkovitz-Eldor et al., 2000 p. 88).