Ia Research Paper. Did The Siege Of Baghdad By The Mongols

Some people would say the Mongols were a key development to civilization. However, the progress they made is nothing compared to their cruelty and the process they used to conquer the majority of Asia and parts of the Middle East. The Mongols were originally a small, nomadic tribe that originated from the steppes of Central Asia. The tribe placed little value on objects, considering they moved around in yurts and hardly settled. Led by Genghis Khan, they conquered land worth double the size of the Roman Empire. The Mongols were greedy, bloodthirsty barbarians who had little to no regard for human life. They went to unthinkable lengths to conquer land while destroying countless ancient cities.

The Mongol Empire, an infamous empire in founded in the beginning of the thirteenth century and fell in the mid to late fourteenth century, had an unavoidable influence on Eurasia including both positive effects, such as advancing trade and production of goods in less advanced societies (doc 5) as well as laying a powerful and protective influence on a number of societies (doc 2), and negative effects, being savagely murderous towards those societies in their path (doc 1), destroying important structures and cities of other societies (doc 7), and aggressively demanding a tribute be paid to them from Christian societies and others (doc 9), as well as effects that are considered neither negative nor positive effects, examples being that the

He starts by describing Baghdad before the Abbasids determined it as their capital. It was only a village in Badaraya, and at the time, the Chosroes, who occupied Iraq prior to the Abbasids, had chosen al-Mada’in as the country’s capital . al-Ya’qubi provides some more background information during the war of the Arabs, but notes that the aftermath of these wars resulted in a pivotal event for Baghdad’s transition – “the notables, and the rich merchants moved to Baghdad.”. al-Ya’qubi, however, also mentions the Umayyads, another significant Islamic Empire, before moving on to a new lineage of Caliphs who changed Baghdad’s destiny– the Abbasids. However, by mentioning the Umayyads, al-Ya’qubi touches on an important fact; there were other Muslim Empires that existed at the same time (to some extent). At this point, al-Yaqui describes how his ancestors saw the assets that Iraq held and why, after comparing other places to Iraq, they decided to settle there. It is vital to see how al-Ya’qubi writes when describing the history behind Baghdad’s transition, as it is here where readers may begin to doubt just how reliable the source itself

The expansion began with Muhammad’s ten year reign from 622 to 632, accumulating the western part of the Arabian Peninsula. Through military campaigns, the first four Caliphs that ruled for twenty-nine years after Muhammad’s death gained territory in northwestern Africa, all of the Arabian Peninsula, and areas that cover modern-day Iran and Iraq. By the year 750, the Umayyid Caliphs added territory in Spain, northwestern Africa, and modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, allowing the Islamic Empire to span across the western world (Document C). Despite being known as a peaceful religion and civilization, Islam had a strong army that defended its territory. In the year 636, the Muslims formed an alliance with the Hims to defeat the Byzantine Empire’s army, who resisted Islam’s expansion. In al-Baladhuri’s account of the Battle of Yarmuk, he claimed that, “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Byzantine army] were put to death” (Document F). The Muslims fought and conquered, all while keeping faith in God, and gained a larger population, increasing the amount of

Temüjin, better known as Chinggis Khan, was a Mongolian born in 1160’s, who later became the leader of the one of the most successful armies in the history of a mankind. Mongols under his leadership Mongols first conquered China relatively easily and then moved towards west, partly simultaneously. This essay examines the reasons for his success in conquering Iran and especially the reasons why the Muslims of Iran were not able to resist his army’s invasion. First this essay discusses Chinggis Khan’s army’s strength and superiority in general level, then shifting focus to the particular case of Iran. It becomes evident that Chinggis Khan was an extraordinary military leader and that besides that the army was extremely successful due to its

Islam is an empire that expanded greatly, but they didn’t expand by people just joining them they did it by battles and other ways. Muhammad guided a small group of people who followed him in 622 CE. Then died in 632 CE, because there was no one who took charge some Arab tribes started leaving Islam. But Abu Bakr used military force to get back some Muslims. People who were Jew or Christian liked how Islam thought of how people can be equal. But in 656 the third caliph was killed and 661 the fourth was killed and they Umayyad dynasty started to take place. They did what Abu Bakr did and used military forces to expand; they expanded it to Persia, Central Asia, and Spain. By 732 a battle started and Christians stopped Muslim armies. The Umayyad’s

The Mongols impacted civilizations all over the world. In the end though the Mongols blended into most civilizations they conquered,

In the 13 century, the Middle East was controlled mainly by non-Arab dynasty. In fact, the Mongol horde vanished the Abbasid in the battle of Bagdad as mentioned by John green in his video “Wait For it…The Mongols!” .The Mongol empire will become the bigger unified territorially empire of all history (British empire was an Maritime empire, Thalassocracy ).The Ayoubide (Kurdish dynasty) overthrow the Fatimid’s and took Egypt. In North Africa, Berber dynasty rise, such as the Almohades. In Anatolia, Turkish clan had established independent state. They migrated because of the call of Muslim sultan to fight the Mongol (BBC) .The Ottoman was one of this clan and it will become the strongest Empire that humanity known. Both Mongols and Ottomans had a huge impact in Arabic speaking lands politically, economically, religiously and socially.

The Mongol Empire had many impacts on modern day Asia and other parts of the world. Genghis Khan led an empire from the steppes of Asia during the 13th century, called the Mongols. They conquered a lot of land, from to Korea to Poland, and also from Vietnam to Syria. Because they ‘terrorized’ much of Asia, they were known as barbarians. They were thought to live beyond civilization, and known as evil. The Mongolians of the Asian Steppe had a negative impact on the world during their rule of the Asian continent from 1206 to 1368 by influencing violence, destruction, and the falling of cities.

The Mongols impacted the course of history in Eurasia, but the resulting destruction: ruined empires and the Black Death, lead to a need for rebuilding and reestablishing the once powerful empires from the Post-Classical time period from the fifteenth century. Ansary argues that the Mongol Holocaust had both positive and negative effects. Because of the Mongols, there was a new sense of global awareness and synchronizing that was reflected in similarities between different lands. Yet, the mass murdering and destruction from Timar was a definite low point. Even so, due to the destruction that resulted, communication and trade became world-wide and new, strong empires were born. They were fueled by new technology and unified by religion. The level of religious tolerance in each empire was determined by each empire’s interpretation of the Qur’an. Ansary highlights his opinion of the two most important products of post-Mongol rebirth, new interpretations of the Qur'an and Muslim religious theory as well as the emergence of Sufism, within the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires.

When Muhammad died, Muslims faced the challenge of creating institutions to preserve the community. This is the Middle period of Islam. Muslims believe that the revelation was completed with the work of Muhammad, who is described as the seal of the prophets. The leaders after Muhammad were described only as caliphs, or successors to the Prophet, and not as prophets themselves. The first four caliphs were companions of the Prophet and their period of rule (632-661) is described by the majority of Muslims as the age of the Rightly Guided Caliphate. This was an era of expansion during which Muslims conquered the Sasanid (Persian) Empire and took control of the North African and Syrian territories of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. The Muslim community was transformed from a small city-state controlling much of the Arabian Peninsula into a major world empire, in this case the Umayyad empire, extending from northwest Africa to central Asia. The emphasis

The Mongolian Empire began in the central area of Asia around the 13th century. This empire grew and clans expanded to numerous regions across the Asian, European and African continents. This empire was able to gain these regions by means of conquest which quickly resulted in gains of power and influences across the world. Below I will further discuss how the Mongol conquest had global implications.

The Mongols were excellent in learning from obstacles, doing without, and making the best out of what was given with them. Their ingenious thought process led to them being one of the most successful empires of all time. Unlike no other empire of their time, their war-like way of life is what brought them to the top and is what they’ve left in history. The Mongolian empire was successful due to their vast understanding of characteristics needed in an empire, dealing with environmental setbacks, and makeshift

The rise of the Mongol Empire can be attributed to a famous emperor, Genghis Khan. He led his armies through the Great Wall of China and crushed the Jin Dynasty. “In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the Mongols were far from more barbarous than their neighboring tribes. For this reason Genghis Khan, as the cultivated Chinese put it, was nothing more nor less than a barbarian. However, this barbarian possessed a number of qualities that enabled him to become one of the greatest conquerors in the history of the word” (Hartog p.139). Unfortunately, he has a sudden death in 1227 while in the war against the Xia Dynasty. Before his passing Genghis ordered his second son, Ogedei Khan, as his inheritor to split his empire into four khanates between his children and grandchildren to complete his invasion. Many years pass after Genghis Khan died, and several Mongol leaders attempted to continue the mission of the Great Khan. It isn’t until his grandson Kublai Khan, succeeded in creating a more powerful domain during his establishment of the Yuan Dynasty

The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. Al-Amin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the Caliphate. However Al-Mamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. He was spurred towards seizing the Caliphate for